Building contraventions and incidence of flood in the Lagos Metropolis, Nigeria

Wahab, Bolanle; Ojolowo, Saeed

doi:10.1080/09640568.2017.1311249

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In order to further control the density of physical development, the number of permissible dwelling units is laid down for different land users in Lagos State and spelt out in Section 19 (1–4). Sub-section 1 stipulates a maximum of 10 units per hectare in Victoria Island (Wahab & Ojolowo 2017 ), which is higher than what Vagale ( 1970 ) stipulates. However, the majority of the sampled buildings violated the statutory building–plot ratio stipulated for Victoria Island.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Regulations on building coverage in Section 17, sub-section 1–5 of the Lagos State Physical Planning and Development Regulations of 2005 stipulate maximum of 50% land development for low-density residential areas, such as Vitoria Island. This is to encourage percolation of rain and used water, to discourage surface run-off causing inundation and soil erosion (Wahab & Ojolowo 2017 ). A minimum of 20% of a plot is specified for landscaping in low-density residential areas.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The impact of the 2012 flooding was very high in terms of human, material and production losses, with 363 people being killed, 5851 injured, 3 891 314 affected and 387 153 displaced (Federal Government of Nigeria – FGN 2013 ). These flooding events have been attributed to change in climatic variables (Douglas et al 2009 ), excessive rainfall (Agbola et al 2012 ), urban development in floodplains (Adelekan 2010 ; Wahab & Ojolowo 2017 , 2018 ; Zheng & Qi 2011 ) and indiscriminate municipal solid waste disposal in water channels (Ojolowo & Wahab 2017 ). The value of destroyed physical and durable assets caused by the 2012 flooding in the most affected states of Nigeria has been estimated to be N1.48 trillion or its equivalent of $9.5 billion (FGN 2013 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Flood has become an annual event in Victoria Island and its environs since 2012. These coastal communities are vulnerable to flooding, owing to their proximity to the Ocean (Ojolowo 2016 ), location in low-lying areas (Adelekan 2012 ), population growth and irregular urban development (Wahab & Ojolowo 2017 ), wetland loss (Taiwo 2009 ) and sea-level rise (World Bank 2006 ). Urban development in coastal areas requires adequate spatial knowledge, particularly in this era of climate change, which will guide development to avert flooding and its associated calamities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial knowledge and flood preparedness in Victoria Island, Lagos, Nigeria

Bako¹,

Ojolowo²

2021

Jàmbá Journal of Disaster Risk Studies

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There is inadequate flood preparedness in Victoria Island, Lagos, Nigeria; because when the flood struck on 08 July 2017, several properties were destroyed without any extant means to salvage them. This article investigated the relationship between spatial knowledge and flood preparedness in Victoria Island. The variables employed to measure spatial knowledge include knowledge of: elevation of land, distance between Lagos lagoon and Atlantic Ocean, characteristics of surrounding water bodies and building–plot ratio. Major roads were used to subdivide Victoria Island into four zones. Zone A had 799 buildings, zone B had 813 buildings, zone C had 749 buildings and zone D had 887 buildings. Of the total 3248 buildings, 344 buildings were selected, and one household head per building was selected and systematically sampled. A multinomial logit regression model was used in data analysis at p ≤ 0.05. The findings revealed that spatial knowledge accounted for only 25.8% of the explanation of inadequate flood preparedness. Only 6.1% of the respondents could distinguish height from elevation; those who explained density and setbacks correctly were 7.85% and 12.2%, respectively. Respondents who stated the distance between Lagos lagoon and Atlantic Ocean correctly and exhibited means of preparedness were 13.7%, respectively. However, 74.4% described the primary and secondary water bodies and their flow pattern correctly. Although inadequate spatial knowledge did not statistically account for poor flood preparedness, yet majority of the respondents neither prepared adequately for the annual flood event, nor exhibited adequate spatial knowledge. Therefore, other factors require investigation, whilst residents should acquire spatial flood-related education to influence their sense of flood preparedness.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial knowledge and flood preparedness in Victoria Island, Lagos, Nigeria

Bako¹,

Ojolowo²

2021

Jàmbá Journal of Disaster Risk Studies

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“…Whilst flood events are evident in Nigeria, Lagos State has been the focal point of most studies (Olajuyigbe et al, 2012;Oyekale, 2013;Wahab et al, 2014;Oladele, 2018;Wahab & Ojolowo, 2018;Olanrewaju et al, 2019). The reason being that Lagos State which is a political, administrative and spatial entity in Southwestern Nigeria has been experiencing flood over the years due to natural and man-made causes .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability in Flood Sensitivity: A Household-Based Perception Study in Lagos Metropolis, Nigeria

2022

NIU JSS

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Climate change has severe impact and one of such is incessant flooding with complex and farreaching consequences on humans, the natural and built environment. While different flood types and impact are evident in many countries, little is known about the impact of each flood type on households. Based on this gap, this study seeks to understand the variation in flood sensitivity at household level in Lagos metropolis, Nigeria. This evolved a question of whether statistically significant variations exist in pluvial, fluvial and coastal flood sensitivity in Lagos Metropolis, Nigeria by delineating spatial zones based on different flood types. Stratified random and systematic sampling techniques are used for data collection through questionnaire survey from 512 selected households. The data collected were analysed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with the Levene Statistic serving as a pre-test of homogeneity of variance and the Tukey HSD of multiple comparison as a post hoc test. Findings showed that the sensitivity to flood was higher in males than females and the low income earners in all the flood zones. Observing similar flood exposure, the aggregate results indicate no statistically significant difference in flood sensitivity across the zones as the p-values are greater than the significant level of 0.05. It is concluded that households that have experienced surface, river and surge flood expressed similar perception of impact to these flood types in Lagos metropolis.

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