“…The adoption of halal strategies and related assurance systems, besides being influenced by external contexts, depends on several internal drivers or obstacles (Zailani et al , 2015) that may differ according to a firm’s characteristics (Rahman et al , 2011). Lack of information, knowledge and training, integrated supply chain management, top management commitment, financial resources and human capital (Rafiki and Wahab, 2016) have been identified as the main weaknesses that firms, small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in particular, may face when orientating their business towards the production of halal food (Ahmad et al , 2017; Kassim et al , 2016). Other factors that have been investigated are the awareness of firms of their social responsibility (Bonne et al , 2007; Zakaria and Abdul-Talib, 2010), the expected business and operational benefits (Tieman, 2007; Zailani et al , 2015) and entrepreneurial intensity and integrity issues (Ali et al , 2017; Zailani et al , 2015; Zulfakar et al , 2014).…”