Butyrate-mediated autophagy inhibition limits cytosolic Salmonella Infantis replication in the colon of pigs treated with a mixture of Lactobacillus and Bacillus

Chu, Bingxin; Zhu, Yaohong; Su, Jin-Hui; Xia, Bing; Zou, Yunjing; Nie, Jiawei; Zhang, Wei; Wang, Jiufeng

doi:10.1186/s13567-020-00823-8

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…[ 34 ] Lipidation of light chain 3 (LC3) occurs during canonical autophagy which converts from LC3‐I to LC3‐II, Salmonella infection in the colon activates the conversion in intestinal epithelial cells. [ 35 ] This study showed that Salmonella infection inhibited the phosphorylation of proteins in the AKT/mTOR/p70S6K pathway and caused autophagy in colon which confirmed by the increase ratio of LC3‐II to LC3‐I ( Figure 5 A,B). Genistein increased the phosphorylation level of AKT/mTOR/p70S6K protein to alleviate the inflammation caused by Salmonella infection.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 77%

Genistein Inhibits Colonic Goblet Cell Loss and Colorectal Inflammation Induced by Salmonella Typhimurium Infection

Ayansola

Hou

et al. 2021

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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Scope Salmonella is the main food‐borne pathogen, which can infect intestinal epithelial cells and causes colitis. Genistein has a variety of biological activities that alleviates colitis induced by sodium dextran sulfate in a variety of ways, but its protective effects on colitis caused by pathogenic bacteria are still unknown. Methods and Results This study explores the protective effect of genistein in reducing colitis caused by Salmonella infection. Salmonella causes colon inflammation through activating cyclooxygenase‐2/prostaglandin E2, and genistein inhibits colitis caused by Salmonella typhimurium infection. Salmonella infection increases colonic mucosal damage, proliferating cells, and goblet cell loss, while the administration of genistein solves these pathological changes. In addition, it is further proved that Salmonella causes severe colitis related to goblet cell loss and activates the host crypt stem cells to repair the damaged epithelium. Salmonella infection inhibites the host mammalian target of rapamycin, activates light chain 3 II pathways to induce autophagy to eliminate pathogenic bacteria. Genistein increases Lactobacillus in feces and reduces Salmonella colonization to inhibit colitis induces by Salmonella infection. Conclusion This study demonstrates genistein alleviated colitis and inhibites the goblet cell loss causes by Salmonella infection through regulating the gut bacteria and intestinal stem cell development.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 77%

Genistein Inhibits Colonic Goblet Cell Loss and Colorectal Inflammation Induced by Salmonella Typhimurium Infection

Ayansola

Hou

et al. 2021

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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“…These phyla degrade the nutrients present in the distal gut to a variety of metabolites producing short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), with acetate, propionate and butyrate being the most abundant [ 36 ]. Interestingly, several studies have demonstrated the effects of propionate and butyrate production in the prevention of Salmonella colonization [ 37 , 38 , 39 ]. In fact, our results confirm higher abundance of Clostridium , Turicibacter , Bacteroidaceae_uc, and Lactobacillus in Salmonella -negative animals, all genera associated with the production of these two SCFAs [ 40 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Salmonella in Free-Range Pigs: Risk Factors and Intestinal Microbiota Composition

Garrido

Migura-García

Gaitán

et al. 2021

Foods

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Extensive pig systems are gaining importance as quality production systems and as the standard for sustainable rural development and animal welfare. However, the effects of natural foods on Salmonella epidemiology remain unknown. Herein, we assessed the presence of Salmonella and the composition of the gut microbiota in pigs from both Salmonella-free and high Salmonella prevalence farms. In addition, risk factors associated with the presence of Salmonella were investigated. The pathogen was found in 32.2% of animals and 83.3% of farms, showing large differences in prevalence between farms. Most isolates were serovars Typhimurium monophasic (79.3%) and Bovismorbificans (10.3%), and exhibited a multi-drug resistance profile (58.6%). Risk factor analysis identified feed composition, type/variety of vegetation available, and silos’ cleaning/disinfection as the main factors associated with Salmonella prevalence. Clear differences in the intestinal microbiota were found between Salmonella-positive and Salmonella-negative populations, showing the former with increasing Proteobacteria and decreasing Bacteroides populations. Butyrate and propionate producers including Clostridium, Turicibacter, Bacteroidaceae_uc, and Lactobacillus were more abundant in the Salmonella-negative group, whereas acetate producers like Sporobacter, Escherichia or Enterobacter were more abundant in the Salmonella-positive group. Overall, our results suggest that the presence of Salmonella in free-range pigs is directly related to the natural vegetation accessible, determining the composition of the intestinal microbiota.

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“…MAC-T cells were cultivated on cell climbing sheets for staining and treated as described above ( 47 ). For labeling the mitochondria, Mito-Tracker Red CMXRos (CMXRos, C1035, Beyotime Biotechnology, Shanghai, China) was added to living MAC-T cells at 37°C for 30 min.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At 8 h after E. coli challenged, MAC-T cells were harvested and fixed in 3% glutaraldehyde (pH = 7.4) for 48 h. Samples were treated following the standard TEM procedure (15,46). Immunofluorescence MAC-T cells were cultivated on cell climbing sheets for staining and treated as described above (47). For labeling the mitochondria, Mito-Tracker Red CMXRos (CMXRos, C1035, Beyotime Biotechnology, Shanghai, China) was added to living MAC-T cells at 37°C for 30 min.…”

Section: Transmission Electron Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 Prevents Escherichia coli-Induced Apoptosis Through PINK1/Parkin-Mediated Mitophagy in Bovine Mastitis

Zhu

Chu

et al. 2021

Front. Immunol.

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Escherichia coli is one of the most important pathogens that cause clinical mastitis in dairy cattle worldwide and lead to severe economic losses. Antibiotics are often used to treat this inflammatory disease; however, antimicrobial resistance and environmental pollution cannot be ignored. Probiotic is the best alternative; however, its mechanisms of action to prevent mastitis remain unclear. Moreover, the role of probiotics in regulating mitophagy, a selective autophagy that maintains mitochondrial quality, needs to be explored. E. coli infection induced NOD-like receptor family member pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome assembly, Caspase-1 activation, and apoptosis in MAC-T cells. Infection also resulted in mitochondrial damage and subsequent increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Moreover, inhibition of ROS release by scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) abrogated the importance of ROS in NLRP3 assembly and apoptosis in MAC-T cells. Pretreatment with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 (LGR-1), a probiotic, alleviated E. coli-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and apoptosis via ROS inhibition. Besides, E. coli infection inhibited mitophagy while LGR-1 pretreatment augmented PINK1/Parkin–mediated mitophagy activation, which further blocked ROS generation. To explore the effect of LGR-1 in vivo, a mouse mastitis model was established. The results showed that LGR-1 pretreatment had preventive and protective effects on E. coli induced mastitis, and could reduce cytokines levels such as IL-1β and TNF-α. In accordance with the results in vitro, E. coli can inhibit mitophagy and activate NLRP3 inflammasome and apoptosis, while LGR-1 can weaken the effect of E. coli. Taken together, our data indicated that LGR-1 pretreatment induced PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy that eliminated damaged mitochondria and reduced ROS production and NLRP3 inflammasome activation, which subsequently decreased E. coli-induced apoptosis. To conclude, our study suggests that therapeutic strategies aiming at the upregulation of mitophagy under E. coli-induced mastitis may preserve mitochondrial function and provide theoretical support for the application of probiotics in bovine mastitis.

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Butyrate-mediated autophagy inhibition limits cytosolic Salmonella Infantis replication in the colon of pigs treated with a mixture of Lactobacillus and Bacillus

Cited by 16 publications

References 65 publications

Genistein Inhibits Colonic Goblet Cell Loss and Colorectal Inflammation Induced by Salmonella Typhimurium Infection

Genistein Inhibits Colonic Goblet Cell Loss and Colorectal Inflammation Induced by Salmonella Typhimurium Infection

Prevalence of Salmonella in Free-Range Pigs: Risk Factors and Intestinal Microbiota Composition

Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 Prevents Escherichia coli-Induced Apoptosis Through PINK1/Parkin-Mediated Mitophagy in Bovine Mastitis

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