By three means

Hasund, Ingrid Kristine; Opsahl, Toril; Svennevig, Jan

doi:10.1075/celcr.15.05has

Cited by 12 publications

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“…We give three examples from Spanish, Norwegian and Finnish in (2) to (4), but further examples from many other languages could have been given. and there was a cop and police car right there and I started screaming and I'm like "go and get them” (Cheshire and Fox 2007)tu ves que con Javi tu vas a tener confianza en plan “tia pues adelante” ( you see you will feel safe with Javi like “go ahead then man” (Palacios Martínez 2014)og han er liksom , “å vi må bastille tog billet” og er helt hyper ( and he's like, “oh we must order our train tickets” and is totally hyper ) (Hasund et al 2012: 51)ja sit mä olin niinku , “Että herrajjumala et voi olla totta”( and then I was like, “oh my God I can't believe it”) (Fleischmann 1999; quoted in Levey et al 2013: 230).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The origins of new quotative expressions: the case of Paris French

Cheshire

Secova

2018

French Language Studies

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We analyse genre in the speech of young people with multi-ethnic friendship groups in Paris in order to address the as yet unresolved question of whether new quotatives equivalent in meaning to English BE LIKE result from simultaneous independent parallel developments in languages other than English or from a process of calquing.We conclude that French quotative genre results from independent internal developments but that it enters the French quotative system in the same way that BE LIKE entered the English system, driven by the meanings of 'similarity' or 'approximation' that are shared by the lexical item genre in a range of syntactic categories. We propose that in order for a new similarity quotative to emerge, a lexical item with a meaning of 'similarity' or 'approximation' must become syntactically multifunctional, and that the use of that lexical item must reach a critical frequency threshold. In the case of genre we suggest that the necessary increase in frequency results from the development of the lexical item into a discourse marker.We also analyse another new French quotative, ETRE LA, a sequence that we find is used to highlight activity of many kinds (including, but not confined to, spoken behaviour). The trajectory followed by each of the new quotative expressions conforms to De Smet's proposals about how linguistic innovations spread through the grammar. , 15:151-198. Clark, H. and Gerrig, R. (1990). Quotations as demonstrations. Language, 66: Journal of Sociolinguistics 764-895.Danon-Boileau, L. and Morel, M-A. (1997). "Question, point de vue, genre, style: les noms prépositionnels en français contemporain." Faits de langue, 9:192-200.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…og han er liksom , “å vi må bastille tog billet” og er helt hyper ( and he's like, “oh we must order our train tickets” and is totally hyper ) (Hasund et al 2012: 51)…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

The origins of new quotative expressions: the case of Paris French

Cheshire

Secova

2018

French Language Studies

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“…Kaikilta näiltä kolmelta tasolta löytyy myös esimerkkejä siitä, miten vaan voi kiteytyä osaksi syntaktis-semanttista rakennetta: vapaata valintaa tai samantekevyyttä merkitsevä mitä vaan, erityisen syyn puuttumista ilmaiseva muuten vaan ja referaatin johtoilmauksena toimiva se vaan että. Viimeksi mainittu kaipaisi tarkempaa tutkimusta, ja sitä tulisi verrata skandinaavisissa kielissä esiintyvään vastaavanlaiseen partikkelien ba(ra) (ruotsi) ja bare (norja) käyttöön (Eriksson 1995;Jönsson 2005;Hasund, Opsahl & Svennevig 2012). suMMAry Finnish vAAn -the force dynamic particle of expectations, intentions and tellability This paper investigates the polyfunctional Finnish lexeme vaan, which is used in variants other than the standard language as a conjunction ('but'), a focus particle ('only') and a discourse marker.…”

Section: Kerronnan Kohokohdatunclassified

Voimadynaaminen ᴠᴀᴀ&#628. Odotusten, intentioiden ja kerrottavuuden partikkeli

Duvallon

Peltola

2017

Virittäjä

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Voimadynaaminen ᴠᴀᴀN. Odotusten, intentioiden ja kerrottavuuden partikkeli Artikkelissa tutkitaan suomen VAAN-sanaa, joka voi toimia normitetun yleiskielen ulkopuolella niin konjunktiona, fokuspartikkelina kuin diskurssinmerkitsimenä. Tarkastelu keskittyy diskurssinmerkitsinkäyttöön, jota lähestytään semanttis-diskursiivisen analyysin avulla. Oletuksena on, että VAAN-sanalla on abstrakti, eri käytöissä tunnistettava semanttinen identiteetti, josta sen merkityspotentiaali juontuu. Semanttisen identiteetin määrittely perustuu hypoteesiin, että VAAN on alkuaan yksikön instruktiivimuoto sanasta vaka, joka implikoi kahden vastakkaisen voiman, agonistisen ja antagonistisen, välistä vuorovaikutusta. Artikkelissa esitetään, että diskurssinmerkitsimenä käytetyn VAAN-partikkelin tehtävänä on saattaa ilmi puheena olevassa tilanteessa tai vuorovaikutuksessa vaikuttava voimadynamiikka. Ensinnäkin VAAN merkitsee, että lausuman sisältö poikkeaa odotuksista. Toiseksi se voi tehdä ilmeiseksi agentin intention ja sen vaikutuksen asiaintilan toteutumiseen. Kolmanneksi VAAN on merkki lausuman sisällön diskursiivisesta relevanssista: se nostaa lähikuvaan eli zoomauksen kohteeksi sen, mikä on asioiden välisissä suhteissa, tapahtumainkulussa tai meneillään olevassa puhetoiminnossa olennaista. Aineistoanalyysissä tutkitaan ensin muun muassa permissiivistä imperatiivilausumaa ja vapaan valinnan MIKÄ VAAN -rakennetta, joiden yhteydessä vaan on merkkinä agentin intention ja toisen, lähtökohtaisesti vastakkaisen voiman vuorovaikutuksesta. Sen jälkeen tarkastellaan VAAN-lausumien käyttöä diskurssin ohjailussa niiden reaktiivisuuden valossa. Tällöin VAAN suhteuttaa lausuman sisällön edellä ilmenneeseen diskurssin tai vuorovaikutuksen etenemistä koskevaan suuntaukseen. VAAN-lausuma pyrkii estämään tai pysäyttämään tämän diskursiivisen voiman vaikutuksen. Viimeisenä käsitellään VAAN-partikkelia yhtenä niistä suullisen kerronnan keinoista, joiden ansiosta tarinamaailma on puhehetkessä vahvasti läsnä ja joilla perustellaan kerrotun merkityksellisyyttä. Pääasiallisina aineistolähteinä on käytetty 1900-luvun lopun puhuttua suomen kieltä sisältäviä keskustelutallenteita sekä 1800-luvun loppupuolen ja 1900-luvun alun kaunokirjallisia teoksia. Finnish VAAN – the force dynamic particle of expectations, intentions and tellability This paper investigates the polyfunctional Finnish lexeme VAAN, which is used in variants other than the standard language as a conjunction ('but'), a focus particle ('only') and a discourse marker. The study concentrates on the particularities of this latter function, approaching it from a discourse-semantic perspective. The starting assumption is that an abstract semantic content can be discerned in the different uses of VAAN. The definition of its semantics is based on the hypothesis that it originates from the singular instructive form of the base vaka 'firm', which implies an interaction between two forces, agonist and antagonist. The analysis of the data (collected from a corpus of conversational Finnish and literary texts) concerns the uses of VAAN in grammatical constructions (permissive imperatives, free-choice items), as an interactional device and as a means for organising narratives. The article argues that the function of VAAN is to manifest an underlying tension involving intentional or discursive forces. This has a three-fold effect at the discursive level. First, VAAN implies that the content of the utterance is unexpected. Second, the modal meaning structure of the utterance foregrounds the intention of the agent. Third, VAAN marks discursive relevance, as it zooms in on what is of primary importance in the relationship between entities, the course of events or the ongoing speech activity.

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“…titxatní ‘itì?”He suddenly says to me like, “Uh, will you marry me?” (Maschler, 2001:315)Norwegian liksom ‘like’: og han er liksom “Å vi må bastille togbillett” og er helt hyper.And he is like, “Oh we must order our train tickets” and is totally hyper. (Hasund, Opsahl, & Svennevig, 2012:51)(Brazilian) Portuguese tipo assim ‘ type like this’: Então tipo assim, “Ok, sim senhor, vou assinar aqui agora”Then like, “Ok, yes sir, I'm going to sign here now” (Levey, Groulx, & Cuervo, unpublished manuscript)Cross-linguistic evidence suggests that a range of typologically related and unrelated languages have innovated quotative markers drawing on lexical items that denote similarity, comparison, and approximation (Buchstaller & van Alphen, 2012:xiv; Meyerhoff & Niedzielski, 1998). Thus, in the light of examples (7)–(10), and others like them, we cannot rule out the possibility that the emergence of être comme in Canadian French is an independent system-internal development.…”

Section: Establishing Contact-induced Changementioning

confidence: 99%

“…And he is like, “Oh we must order our train tickets” and is totally hyper. (Hasund, Opsahl, & Svennevig, 2012:51)…”

Section: Establishing Contact-induced Changementioning

confidence: 99%

A variationist perspective on discourse-pragmatic change in a contact setting

2013

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The emergence ofêtre commeas a quotative verb in Canadian French is easily construed as a case of contact-induced change by virtue of its superficial similarity to the rapidly diffusingbe likequotative (Tagliamonte & D'Arcy, 2007). We pursue the inference of contact-induced change by undertaking a quantitative analysis of French and English quotatives recorded from speakers in the bilingual city of Ottawa between 2008 and 2010. A series of real-time cross sections enables the longitudinal development of the quotative system of each language to be tracked. Analysis of the data confirms thatêtre commeis a change in progress, but not a wholesale replication of its English counterpart. Although the results do not refute the role of external causation in the emergence ofêtre comme, the available evidence suggests that an external source is neither the sole, nor even the preferred, motivation for the emergence of this innovation.

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By three means

Cited by 12 publications

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The origins of new quotative expressions: the case of Paris French

The origins of new quotative expressions: the case of Paris French

Voimadynaaminen ᴠᴀᴀ&#628. Odotusten, intentioiden ja kerrottavuuden partikkeli

A variationist perspective on discourse-pragmatic change in a contact setting

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By three means

Cited by 12 publications

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The origins of new quotative expressions: the case of Paris French

The origins of new quotative expressions: the case of Paris French

Voimadynaaminen &#7456;&#7424;&#7424;&#628. Odotusten, intentioiden ja kerrottavuuden partikkeli

A variationist perspective on discourse-pragmatic change in a contact setting

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Voimadynaaminen ᴠᴀᴀ&#628. Odotusten, intentioiden ja kerrottavuuden partikkeli