Expert witnesses are frequently involved in medical malpractice lawsuits. The definition of "expert" can be as broadly drawn as that in the State of Delaware, which states, in essence, that any physician can testify as an expert in any field of medicine. Or the definition may be drawn as narrowly as that from the State of Michigan, which declares that ". . .if the party against whom or on whose behalf the testimony is offered is a specialist who is board certified, the expert witness must be a specialist who is board certified in that specialty." 1 There is now a tendency in many states to more clearly define a medical expert in an effort to eliminate the use of "hired guns" in medical malpractice litigation.Recently a medical malpractice suit was filed against a surgeon in Michigan who had been certified in Vascular Surgery by the American Board of Surgery (ABS). The expert witness for the plaintiff was certified by the ABS in General Surgery and by the American Board of Thoracic Surgery. He obtained no additional dedicated vascular training and never earned a Certificate in Vascular Surgery. Accordingly, a motion was filed by the defense to have the case dismissed, noting that the expert witness for the plaintiff was not a "board certified vascular surgeon." At the hearing on this motion, plaintiff's attorney produced two affidavits. The first stated that a representative from the plaintiff attorney's office had spoken with the "vascular coordinator" at the ABS, who told him that no Board of Vascular Surgery existed and that the study of vascular surgery is a subspecialty of general surgery under the ABS. 2 The second affidavit was from a surgeon from California who is reported to be certified in Vascular Surgery by the ABS and who has recently testified for several plaintiff attorneys in the State of Michigan. His