C-reactive protein, haptoglobin, serum amyloid A and pig major acute phase protein response in pigs simultaneously infected with H1N1 swine influenza virus and Pasteurella multocida

Abstract

BackgroundSwine influenza (SI) is an acute respiratory disease caused by swine influenza virus (SIV). Swine influenza is generally characterized by acute onset of fever and respiratory symptoms. The most frequent complications of influenza are secondary bacterial pneumonia. The objective of this work was to study the acute phase proteins (APP) responses after coinfection of piglets with H1N1 swine influenza virus (SwH1N1) and Pasteurella multocida (Pm) in order to identify whether the individual APP response correlate with disease severity and whether APP could be used as markers of the health status of coinfected pigs.ResultsIn all coinfected pigs clinical sings, including fever, coughing and dyspnea, were seen. Viral shedding was observed from 2 to 7 dpi. The mean level of antibodies against Pm dermonecrotoxin in infected piglets increase significantly from 7 dpi. Anti-SwH1N1 antibodies in the serum were detected from 7 dpi. The concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP) increased significantly at 1 dpi as compared to control pigs, and remained significantly higher to 3 dpi. Level of serum amyloid A (SAA) was significantly higher from 2 to 3 dpi. Haptoglobin (Hp) was significantly elevated from 3 dpi to the end of study, while pig major acute phase protein (Pig-MAP) from 3 to 7 dpi. The concentrations of CRP, Hp and SAA significantly increased before specific antibodies were detected. Positive correlations were found between serum concentration of Hp and SAA and lung scores, and between clinical score and concentrations of Pig-MAP and SAA.ConclusionsThe results of current study confirmed that monitoring of APP may revealed ongoing infection, and in this way may be useful in selecting clinically healthy pigs (i.e. before integration into an uninfected herd). Present results corroborated our previous findings that SAA could be a potentially useful indicator in experimental infection studies (e.g. vaccine efficiency investigations) or as a marker for disease severity, because of correlation observed between its concentration in serum and disease severity (lung scores, clinical scores).

Correlation Between Serum Acute Phase Proteins, Lung Pathology, and Disease Severity in Pigs Experimentally Co-Infected with H3N2 Swine Influenza Virus and Bordetella Bronchiseptica

“…These results indicate that the measurement of APP such as SAA may prove valuable in assessing the severity of respiratory infection in pigs, and may be of supportive value in the clinical evaluation of animals and in the selection of more appropriate treatment. In agreement with the present results, the positive relationship between SAA and disease severity was also reported previously in pigs, humans, and other species (4,9,15,28,29).…”

Relationship between cortisol and acute phase protein concentrations in female rabbits

“…These results suggest that CRP and SAA are similar in terms of the stimuli for their production and the kinetics of their synthesis and bioavailability, while these are somewhat different for Hp. Heegaard et al (2011) andPomorska-Mól et al (2013) both found that CRP and SAA release was much faster and not as prolonged, compared to Hp in other species. Moreover, it has been found that some types of infectious or inflammatory stimuli stimulated CRP and SAA production, but did not have an effect on the serum concentration of Hp (Eckersall et al, 1996).…”

ACUTE PHASE PROTEIN RESPONSES IN MICE INFECTED WITH RIVER WATER CONTAMINATED BY <i>PASTEURELLA MULTOCIDA</i> TYPE B: 2

“…Furthermore, in a study conducted on pigs, the concentration of acute phase proteins increased significantly from 48 to 72 h (Pomorska-Mol et al, 2013). However, Gomez-Laguna et al (2010) indicated an increase of acute phase proteins through the intranasal routes challenge by P. multocida infection in mice model within 36 h of post infection.…”