Cabbage looper antioxidant enzymes: Tissue specificity

Ahmad, Sami; Duval, Dawn L.; Weinhold, Leanne C.; Pardini, Ronald S.

doi:10.1016/0020-1790(91)90111-q

Cited by 100 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…On the other side, fourth instar S. exigua larvae were relatively insusceptible to individual Ts treatment as it caused less reduction in growth and ECI, as noticed by Adel et al (2000), who have reported that treated S. littoralis gained almost the same weight as the control; however, in our experiment, increased toxicity of Ts was observed when mixed with Bt with lower RGR, RCR and ECI values as compared to individual treatment of Ts. Fat bodies of insects had been the focus of study by many scientists and were reported to be a source of high metabolic rates in herbivorous insects (Ahmad et al, 1991). In our experiment, all biochemicals, individually or in combination, not only caused the depletion of fat body weight as compared to the control but increased activities of SOD and CAT enzymes in fat bodies were also noted.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Study of destruxin B and tea saponin, their interaction and synergism activities with Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki against Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Rizwan-ul-Haq¹,

Hu²,

Mei³

et al. 2009

Appl. Entomol. Zool.

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This study reveals the individual and synergistic effects of destruxin B (DB) (mycotoxin from Metarhizium anisoplae), tea saponin (Ts) and Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) against Spodoptera exigua. DB, Ts and Bt reduced the growth of neonate larvae by up to 91.30, 89.17 and 77.17%. EC 50 values of DB against 4th and 5th instars were 0.17 and 0.22 mg ml Ϫ1, 0.35 and 0.41 mg ml Ϫ1 against 4th and 5th instars for Ts and 0.0031 and 0.0035 mg ml Ϫ1 after being treated with Bt. The synergism of DB and Ts with Bt resulted in the increased efficiency of these chemicals as mortality percentages significantly increased up to 94.2% with DBϩTsϩBt followed by DBϩBt with 91.99% and were significantly higher than individual treatments of Bt 65.81% and Ts 76.66%. Nutritional analysis revealed the increased toxicity of DB and Ts in combination with Bt, but DBϩBt showed higher efficiency with minimal relative consumption rate (RCR) 2.69 mg/mg/day, relative growth rate (RGR) 1.33 mg/mg/day and efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI) 35.77%, respectively. Changes in antioxidant enzymes, superoxidase dismutase (SOD) and catalases (CAT), were noticed to some extent over different exposure times in all treatments. The highest SOD activity was observed in individual DB treatment, while individual Bt treatment caused the highest variation in CAT values. In all treatments, SOD and CAT values fell sharply on the final day except for individual Bt treatment, with which the values were relatively stable on the final day.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

Study of destruxin B and tea saponin, their interaction and synergism activities with Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki against Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Rizwan-ul-Haq¹,

Hu²,

Mei³

et al. 2009

Appl. Entomol. Zool.

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“…Indeed, several studies have demonstrated that midgut is the first barrier of xenobiotics in peroral toxicity (Ahmad et al, 1991;Yu et al, 2009;Cohen et al, 1992;Snyder et al, 1995). It has been reported that gastric caeca are supplementary structures of the midgut for increasing the surface area for food absorption, water uptake and waste expulsion (Akpan and Okorie, 2003).…”

Section: Different Tissue Distributions Of Care Family Members May Immentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, frequent application of insecticides has led to the occurrence of resistance in some field populations of the locust (Ma et al, 2004;He et al, 2004;Yang et al, 2008Yang et al, , 2009). The major metabolic detoxification enzymes including cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450), esterases (particularly CarEs), and glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) have been found to be involved in detoxification of insecticides and development of resistance in insect populations (Ahmad et al, 1991;Yu et al, 2009;Cohen et al, 1992;Snyder et al, 1995). However, little is known about the roles of specific CarEs in detoxification of different insecticides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RNA interference revealed the roles of two carboxylesterase genes in insecticide detoxification in Locusta migratoria

Zhang

et al. 2013

Chemosphere

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Carboxylesterases (CarEs) play key roles in metabolism of specific hormones and detoxification of dietary and environmental xenobiotics in insects. We sequenced and characterized CarE cDNAs putatively derived from two different genes named LmCesA1 and LmCesA2 from the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria, one of the most important agricultural pests in the world. The full-length cDNAs of LmCesA1 (1892 bp) and LmCesA2 (1643 bp) encode 543 and 501 amino acid residues, respectively. The two deduced CarEs share a characteristic α/β-hydrolase structure, including a catalytic triad composed of Ser-Glu (Asp)-His and a consensus sequence GQSAG, which suggests that both CarEs are biologically active. Phylogenetic analysis grouped both LmCesA1 and LmCesA2 into clade A which has been suggested to be involved in dietary detoxification. Both transcripts were highly expressed in all the nymphal and adult stages, but only slightly expressed in eggs. Analyses of tissue-dependent expression and in situ hybridization revealed that both transcripts were primarily expressed in gastric caeca. RNA interference (RNAi) of LmCesA1 and LmCesA2 followed by a topical application of carbaryl or deltamethrin did not lead to a significantly increased mortality with either insecticide. However, RNAi of LmCesA1 and LmCesA2 increased insect mortalities by 20.9 and 14.5%, respectively, when chlorpyrifos was applied.These results suggest that these genes might not play a significantly role in detoxification of carbaryl and deltamethrin but are most likely to be involved in detoxification of chlorpyrifos in L. migratoria.3

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“…Some GSTs also have glutathione peroxidase activity, thus providing an oxygen-detoxifying function [i.e., reduction of lipid peroxides (Mannervik, 1985)]. This activity is particularly important in invertebrates because they are deficient in the other (vertebrate-type, selenium-dependent) glutathione peroxidases (Ahmad et al, 1991;Pardini, 1995). In reactions catalyzed by glutathione peroxidase, glutathione (GSH) is oxidized to GSSG, which in turn is reduced by glutathione reductases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These destructive reactions contribute to the processes of aging, carcinogenesis and cell death. To protect against the effects of "oxidative stress", organisms have a variety of detoxifying enzymes at their disposal, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase, all of which have been reported to occur in insects (Ahmad et al, 1991;Felton and Summers, 1995;Joanisse and Storey, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant enzymes in the honey bee, Apis mellifera

2002

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-Catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were determined in postmitochondrial fractions of tissue homogenates (spermathecae, muscle and ventriculi), in hemolymph plasma, and in semen of honey bees. The highest CAT activity was found in semen (4.8 mU/µg fresh weight), and the enzyme was confined to the spermatozoa. CAT and GST activities of ventriculi exceeded those of other tissues and hemolymph, CAT being highest in mated queen ventriculi (2.7 mU/µg) and GST highest in worker ventriculi (10 mU/mg). Spermathecae of mated queens had higher CAT and GST activities (0.84 mU/µg, and 2.4 mU/mg, respectively) than virgin spermathecae (0.15 mU/µg, and 1.6 mU/mg). SOD activities (15-59 mU/µg) varied less than activities of CAT or GST between tissues. Seminal plasma contained two thirds of the total SOD activity of semen and one third was in the spermatozoa. The substantial activities of all three enzymes in spermathecae of mated queens suggest their involvement in the long-term protection of the spermatozoa from oxidative stress.Apis mellifera / catalase / glutathione S-transferase / superoxide dismutase

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Cabbage looper antioxidant enzymes: Tissue specificity

Cited by 100 publications

References 40 publications

Study of destruxin B and tea saponin, their interaction and synergism activities with Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki against Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Study of destruxin B and tea saponin, their interaction and synergism activities with Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki against Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

RNA interference revealed the roles of two carboxylesterase genes in insecticide detoxification in Locusta migratoria

Antioxidant enzymes in the honey bee, Apis mellifera

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