Cadmium-induced plant stress investigated by scanning electrochemical microscopy

Zhu, Renkang; Macfie, Sheila M.; Ding, Zhifeng

doi:10.1093/jxb/eri275

Cited by 79 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The variation in stomatal aperture is decisive to the capacity of adaptation of the genotypes, as the aperture size is an important factor in stress response (Zhu et al 2005) and plays a significant role in water-loss control processes by transpiration (Cominelli et al, 2005). As the survival of plants growing in drought conditions is associated to water economy, stomata in the leaves perform an important role in restricting water loss by transpiration .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stomatal changes induced by intermittent drought in four umbu tree genotypes

Silva

Nogueira

Vale

et al. 2009

Braz. J. Plant Physiol.

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Transpiration (E), diffusive resistance (r s ) and anatomical parameters were measured in plants of four grafted umbu tree genotypes (GBUs 44, 48, 50 and 68) in order to evaluate alterations induced by intermittent drought and possible genotypic variations. Transpiration measurements were taken daily until stomatal closure by withholding water. Measurements were also taken, when the plants were re-watered and the watering was interrupted again. This cycle was repeated for a period of 31 days (stress period). The control plants were also irrigated daily. A regular pattern in the stomatal opening/closing mechanism was observed throughout the watering period, exhibiting intra-specific differences. Stomatal behavior of GBU 44 and GBU 68 had correlation with air temperature (Tar), relative humidity (RH) and vapor pressure deficit (VPD), whereas GBU 50 had correlation with photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). GBU 48 had no correlation with these environmental factors. Anatomical alterations in response to drought were observed in stomatal density (SD), reductions in the stomatal index (SI) and stomatal aperture size (SA). The anatomical features of the GBU 48 genotype remained unaltered. There was an inversion in tissue proportion in GBU 44 under stress conditions, reducing the spongy parenchyma and increasing palisade parenchyma thickness. The inverse occurred with GBU 68, while the remaining genotypes were unaltered. The results found in this study suggest that GBU 68 is the most drought-sensitive genotype and anatomical changes induced by intermittent drought are not enough to explain the physiological differences between genotypes.Key words: diffusive resistance, Spondias tuberosa, stomatal density, transpiration, water deficitMudanças estomáticas e anatômicas induzidas pela seca intermitente em quatro genótipos de umbuzeiro: A transpiração (E), a resistência difusiva (r s ) e parâmetros anatômicos foram medidos em mudas enxertadas de quarto genótipos de umbuzeiro (BGU s 44, 48, 50 and 68) com o objetivo de avaliar alterações e possíveis variações genotípicas induzidas pela seca intermitente. As medidas de transpiração foram tomadas diariamente até ocorrer o fechamento estomático das plantas sob suspensão da irrigação, e após a reirrigação e suspensão da rega novamente, repetindo-se este ciclo por um período de 31 dias (período de estresse). As plantas controle foram irrigadas diariamente. Foi observado um padrão regular no mecanismo de abertura e fechamento estomático ao longo dos períodos de rega, exibindo diferenças entre os genótipos. O comportamento estomático dos genótipos BGU 44 e BGU 68 se correlacionaram com a temperatura do ar (Tar), umidade relativa (RH) e déficit de pressão de vapor (VPD), enquanto que o BGU 50 apresentou correlação com a radiação fotossinteticamente ativa (PAR). BGU 48 não apresentou correlação com os fatores ambientais. Foram observadas alterações anatômicas em resposta à seca na densidade estomática (SD), reduções no índice estomático (SI) e abertura do ostíolo (SA). As carac...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stomatal changes induced by intermittent drought in four umbu tree genotypes

Silva

Nogueira

Vale

et al. 2009

Braz. J. Plant Physiol.

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“…Cadmium also affects the photosynthesis by inhibiting various reaction steps of photosystem II (PSII) because the key enzymes of CO 2 fixation, ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBPC) and phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) were inhibited (Siedlecka et al 1997;Atal et al 1993). Cadmium also decrease of photosynthesis by reduces the Ci, Gs, stoma density and high stomata resistanc (Cornic, 2000;Vitoria et al 2003;Baryla et al 2001;Zhu et al 2005). However, in the case of magnetic field treatment followed by Cd stresses, the concentration of total chlorophyll, Pn, GS, Tr, Ci and WUF and the total concentration of carbon and nitrogen were significant higher than that of the Cd stress groups (Fig.…”

Section: Number Of Lateral Rootsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic field can alleviate toxicological effect induced by cadmium in mungbean seedlings

Chen

2011

Ecotoxicology

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To alleviate toxicological effect induced by cadmium in mungbean seedlings, seeds were divided into four groups: The controls groups (CK, without treatment), magnetic field treated groups (MF), cadmium treated groups (CS), and magnetic field treated followed by cadmium treated groups (MF + CS).The results showed: (i) Compared with the controls, cadmium stress resulted in enhancing in the concentration of malondialdehyde, H(2)O(2) and O(2-), and the conductivity of electrolyte leakage while decreasing in the nitrice oxide synthase (NOS) activity, the concentration of nitrice oxide (NO), chlorophyll and total carbon and nitrogen, the net photosynthetic rate, the stomatal conductance, the transpiration rate, the water use efficiency, the lateral number and seedlings growth except for intercellular CO(2) concentration increase. However, the seedlings treated with 600 mT magnetic field followed by cadmium stress the concentration of malondialdehyde, H(2)O(2) and O(2-), and the conductivity of electrolyte leakage decreased, while the above mentioned NO concentration, NOS activity, photosynthesis and growth parameters increased compared to cadmium stress alone. (ii) Compared with the cadmium stress (CS), the seedling growth were inhibited when the seeds were treated with NO scavenger (hemoglobin, HB) and inhibition of NO generating enzyme (sodium tungstate, ST), conversely, the seedling growth were improved by the NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and CaCl(2). In the case of the HB and ST treatment followed by magnetic field and then the seedling subjected to CS, the seedlings growth was better than that of hemoglobin (HB) followed by CS and ST followed by CS. The seeds were treated with SNP and CaCl(2) followed by MF, and then subjected to CS, the seedlings growth were better than that of SNP followed by CS, and CaCl(2) followed by CS. These results suggested that magnetic field compensates for the toxicological effects of cadmium exposure are related to NO signal.

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“…B. von Cd 2+ , auf die photosynthetische O 2 -Produktion zu messen. [371] Yasukawa et al untersuchten die O 2 -Produktion durch einzelne Protoplasten von Bryopsis plumosa und ihre Veränderung nach dem Zudosieren verschiedener Chemikalien. [369,372] Der Sauerstoffverbrauch individueller Zellen oder von Geweben kann in ähnlicher Weise verfolgt werden: Die UME detektiert über atmungsaktiven Zellen weniger O 2 als über dem Rest der Probe.…”

Section: Untersuchungen Zum Metabolismus Von Geweben Und Zellenunclassified

Elektrochemische Rastermikroskopie zur direkten Abbildung von Reaktionsgeschwindigkeiten

Wittstock¹,

Burchardt²,

Pust³

et al. 2007

Angewandte Chemie

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Eine entscheidende Rolle in der Elektrochemie, aber auch in biologischen Systemen oder beim Transport durch Membranen, spielen lokale Prozesse an Fest‐flüssig‐Grenzflächen oder Flüssig‐flüssig‐Grenzflächen, die z. B. an Defektstellen, an Poren oder an einzelnen Zellen ablaufen und sich durch integrale Untersuchungsverfahren nur schwer erfassen lassen. Mit der elektrochemischen Rastermikroskopie steht eine Untersuchungsmethode für lokale Grenzflächenreaktionen zur Verfügung, die nach zwei Jahrzehnten Entwicklung eine solide theoretische Basis und eine große Zahl von Anwendungen aufweist. Sie bietet die Möglichkeit, Geschwindigkeiten heterogener Reaktionen direkt abzubilden und Oberflächen durch elektrochemisch erzeugte Reaktanten lokal zu modifizieren. Die Vielfalt der Anwendungen reicht von klassischen elektrochemischen Fragestellungen bei der Untersuchung lokaler Korrosionsphänomene und elektrokatalytischer Reaktionen in Brennstoffzellen, von Sensoroberflächen, Biochips und mikrostrukturierten Analysesystemen bis hin zum Massentransport durch synthetische Membranen, Haut und Gewebe sowie interzellulären Kommunikationsprozessen. Außerdem können Prozesse an Flüssigkeitsoberflächen oder an Flüssig‐flüssig‐Grenzflächen untersucht werden.

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Cadmium-induced plant stress investigated by scanning electrochemical microscopy

Cited by 79 publications

References 27 publications

Stomatal changes induced by intermittent drought in four umbu tree genotypes

Stomatal changes induced by intermittent drought in four umbu tree genotypes

Magnetic field can alleviate toxicological effect induced by cadmium in mungbean seedlings

Elektrochemische Rastermikroskopie zur direkten Abbildung von Reaktionsgeschwindigkeiten

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