“…Among these applications are amending or improving construction materials and remediation of cracks/self-healing in concrete [3, 72, 79-86, 102, 118-122], as well as cementation of porous media and improvements in strength and stiffness [6,7,26,35,103,117,121,123]. It is also used in environmental remediation of heavy metals and radionuclides, including the potential to reduce subsurface leakage in the background of geologically isolated carbon dioxide [72,104,105,[124][125][126][127][128][129][130][131][132][133][134][135]. Recent studies [136] have reported MICP as a conservative method for restoring the lost strength in decayed limestone through biomineralization processes, for trial tests in both laboratory and field conditions.…”