Calcium-binding proteins in the circadian centers of the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) and the rock cavy (Kerodon rupestris) brains

Oxidative Stress in the Hypothalamus: the Importance of Calcium Signaling and Mitochondrial ROS in Body Weight Regulation

“…Calretinin-positive perikarya and neuropil were noticed in the ventral and dorsal portions of the suprachiasmiatic nucleus (SCh), lacking immunoreactivity in the central core of the SCh of the common marmoset [84]. Calretinin immunoreactivity was low in the neonatal SCh and increased with development in the ventrolateral SCh [85].…”

Retinal projections and neurochemical characterization of the pregeniculate nucleus of the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)

“…In this respect, the dramatic expansion of adjacent structures in the primate brain, namely the cerebral peduncle and the DLG itself, resulted in changes in the topographical relationship between the PGN and DLG from a ventrolateral to a dorsomedial position (Chevassus-Au-Louis and Cooper, 1998;Jones, 2007). PGN neurons are characterized by substantial morphological variety (Babb, 1980), showing immunoreactivity to several neuroactive substances such as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), enkephalin, NPY, substance P (SP), serotonin (5-HT), and calciumbinding proteins in specific regions (Moore, 1993;Costa et al, 1998;Cavalcante et al, 2008;Pinato et al, 2009). Furthermore, retinorecipient and non-retinorecipient areas have been identified in the primate PGN (Costa et al, 1998;Pinato et al, 2009).…”

“…The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus is the main central circadian pacemaker in the mammalian brain and its functions have been extensively studied (Moore and Eichler, 1972;Stephan and Zucker, 1972;Gillette, 1991;Schwartz, 1991;Golombek and Rosenstein, 2010). The SCN is constantly the subject of significant revisions neurochemical, hodological (Costa et al, 1998(Costa et al, , 1999Cavalcante et al, 2002Cavalcante et al, , 2008Cavalcante et al, , 2011Ramanathan et al, 2006;Morin, 2007;, and molecular (Ukai and Ueda, 2010) studies. After the SCN had been established as the primary circadian pacemaker, a study conducted on rats in which labeled amino acids were injected into the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus (VLG) of the thalamus revealed the presence of bilateral projections with ipsilateral predominance to the SCN, which were apparently restricted to the ventrolateral region (Ribak and Peters, 1975).…”

Morphological Changes in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus of Aging Female Marmosets (Callithrix jacchus)

“…Approximately 10% of SCN neurons express VIP in the core subdivision, while around 20% (which means about 2,100 neurons) of SCN in the shell part express VP [9]. Other neurotransmitters, besides VIP and VP, have been described in terminals and perikarya in the SCN, such as neuropeptide Y [10–12], 5-HT [13] and calbindin (CB) [10]. …”

“…Considering that neuronal nuclear protein (NeuN) has been widely used as a neuronal marker, while, in marmosets, CB is used as an important cell marker of the SCN [10, 29], in the present study we aimed to assess in the Callithrix jacchus a new world primate, the number of neurons in the SCN in aged female. To this aim, a morphometric analysis using Nissl staining and the immunoreactivity of SCN cells to NeuN, CB, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP—the main intermediate filament protein in mature astrocytes [30]) were performed in adult and aged female animals.…”