“…7,19,27 While most early studies considered gas atmospheres consisting of CO 2 , N 2 , O 2 , and/or air, 2,6,7,10,28 the current focus is on exploring more realistic carbonation conditions that include the influence of H 2 O and/ or SO 2 . 29,30 In fact, SO 2 and H 2 O deserve consideration as they affect the sorbent carrying capacity decay, leading to significant consequences on the CaL system design. 22,31,32 Despite the significant development achieved in this field in recent years, most research has focused on investigating the process performance at baseload operating conditions, overlooking the flexible operation of CaL systems coupled to loadfollowing power units.…”