The effect of water vapor on the thermal decomposition of five different CaCO 3 samples was investigated to reveal the origin of the acceleration effect caused by water vapor. Biomineralized CaCO 3 samples decomposed at a relatively low temperature and were limitedly sensitive to variations in atmospheric water vapor pressure (p(H 2 O)). During the thermal decomposition of the mineral and synthetic CaCO 3 samples, an acceleration effect of water vapor was observed; however, the degree of the effect differed among the samples. A sample with smaller specific surface area and larger particle size (mineral aragonite) decomposed at higher temperatures but exhibited more significant reaction temperature reduction with increasing p(H 2 O). The kinetic analysis of the thermal decomposition of CaCO 3 (mineral aragonite) under different p(H 2 O) values revealed a variation in the surface reaction (SR) kinetics with p(H 2 O), indicating the enhancement of the SR at greater p(H 2 O). The subsequent reaction proceeded through a contracting geometry scheme, during which the CaO crystal growth and pore formation in the surface product layer were enhanced by the effect of water vapor. A universal kinetic analysis for the thermal decomposition of CaCO 3 under different temperatures and p(H 2 O) values was demonstrated by introducing an accommodation function (AF) of p(H 2 O), obtaining a single set of kinetic triplets and the exponent in the AF. The effect of water vapor on the kinetics was parameterized by the exponent in the AF, which can be a potential tool for evaluating the thermal decomposition of CaCO 3 in the Ca-looping system for CO 2 absorption and energy storage.