Calcium-modified microporous starch with potent hemostatic efficiency and excellent degradability for hemorrhage control

Abstract

Effective hemorrhage control is vital for reducing mortality after major trauma both in civilian life and in the military. In recent years microporous starch (MS) has been used as a hemostatic agent. However, MS has an insufficient hemostatic capacity to stop severe bleeding. To improve its hemostatic performance, in this study calcium-modified microporous starch (CaMS) was firstly developed via oxidization and selfassembly with calcium ions (Ca 2+ ) on MS, and the hemostasis efficiency and degradation behaviour were evaluated. The results showed that the carboxyl groups and Ca 2+ had been modified successfully onto MS. MS and CaMS both initiated the hemostatic response by rapid absorption and swelling due to their porous structure and high surface area. It is noteworthy that CaMS activated an intrinsic pathway of coagulation cascade and induced platelet adhesion because of the modified Ca 2+ and carboxyl groups.The synergistic effects of the chemical activation mechanism and physical absorption mechanism resulted in a dramatic improvement in the hemostatic capacity of CaMS, and thus achieved an effective hemorrhage control in rabbit liver and femoral artery injuries. Additionally, the degradation of CaMS was improved greatly by the modification. In conclusion, CaMS effectively improved hemostatic performance and degradability. CaMS is a promising candidate for designing hemostatic agents in more extensive clinical applications.

Active nano/microbilayer hemostatic agents for diabetic rat bleeding model

“…Hemostatic agents can be divided into passive or active or combinations of thereof. Active hemostatic agents contribute to the mechanism of the coagulation cascade and accelerate the fibrin formation process when passive agents act passively through promotion of platelet aggregation . Some hemostatic agents (Hemcon ® and Quickclot ® ) are valuable for hemorrhage control in many cases, and they have attracted great attention due to excellent performance in both laboratory and clinical trials, and these products are currently available on the market.…”

Self‐Assembled Carbohydrate Polymers for Food Applications: A Review

“…It is a white, odorless, and cheap powder, which is insoluble in cold water, alcohol, and other common organic solvents. The starch granules consist of both linear amylose (usually around 20% to 30%) and amylopectin (generally about 70% to 80%) structures (Chen et al., ; Gutiérrez, Morales, Pérez, Tapia, & Famá, ; Jin, ). The amylose/amylopectin ratio in the starch differs as a function of the source, location of the crop, climatic conditions, soil type, and ripeness of the vegetable product (Gutiérrez, Pérez, Guzmán, Tapia, & Famá, ).…”

“…In this process, starch NPs (SNPs) or starch nanocrystals (SNCs) can be manufactured from ordering, orientation, and packaging of starch molecules in a controlled manner, which can be regulated by means of thermodynamic, such as the self‐assembly process (Jin, ; Kim, Park, & Lim, ; Liu et al., ). Although there are many studies in the development of SNPs and SNCs (Villa, Sanchez, & Rodriguez‐Marin, ), few researches have been carried out in order to analyze the self‐assembly of starch alone and/or together with other compounds in coatings (Ganjaee et al., ), drug delivery systems (Chen, Gao, Lü, Chen, & Liu, ,b; Wu et al., ), medicine to control bleeding (Chen et al., ), and water purification (Kumar, Kumar, & Paul, ).…”

“…Starch is one of the most important CPs in the human diet and is extracted from various agricultural materials, such as wheat, potato, corn, cassava, rice, and so on (Chen, Cao, & Chen, 2015;Herniou--Julien, Mendieta, & Gutiérrez, 2019;Jin, 2018). It is a white, odorless, and cheap powder, which is insoluble in cold water, alcohol, and other common organic solvents.…”

Tranexamic acid-loaded starch hemostatic microspheres

“…11,12 Microporous starch (MS) is a typical microporous material with high porosity, huge surface area and excellent hydrophilicity. 13 More importantly, MS can rapidly absorb water, which increases the concentration of endogenous coagulation factors and platelet factors at the site of the bleeding, thus forming blood clots and possessing superior hemostatic ability. 6 Combined with its inherent biosafety, simplicity of preparation and long shelf life during storage, MS has become one of the most attractive hemostatic agents.…”