Calcium Phosphate Nanocoatings and Nanocomposites, Part I: Recent Developments and Advancements in Tissue Engineering and Bioimaging

Abstract

A number of materials have been applied as implant coatings and as tissue regeneration materials. Calcium phosphate holds a special consideration, due to its chemical similarity to human bone and, most importantly, its dissolution characteristics, which allow for bone growth and regeneration. The applications of molecular and nanoscale-based biological materials have been and will continue to play an ever increasing role in enhancing and improving the osseointegration of dental and orthopedic implants. More recently, extensive research efforts have been focused on the development and applications of fluorescent nanoparticles and nanocoatings for in vivo imaging and diagnostics as well as devising methods of adding luminescent or fluorescent capabilities to enhance the in vivo functionality of calcium phosphate-based biomedical materials.

Energy transfer in color-tunable water-dispersible Tb–Eu codoped CaF2 nanocrystals

“…Luminescent nanoparticles have attracted large interest in recent years because of the many applications where they are superior to their corresponding bulk phase, as for lamps, displays optoelectronics and photovoltaics or where nanometric size is required, as in surface coatings or biolabeling. [1][2][3] For the latter applications, biocompatibility, non-toxicity and water dispersibility are also of uttermost importance.…”

Evaluation of osteoinductive and endothelial differentiation potential of Platelet‐Rich Plasma incorporated Gelatin‐Nanohydroxyapatite Fibrous Matrix

“…Extracellular matrix of native bone is a fibrous composite structure, resulting from the assembly of collagen fibrils (35%) and HA nanocrystals (65%) . Therefore, recent studies have focused on the usage of nano‐sized HA or its composites for orthopedic applications .…”

Calcium Phosphate Nanocoatings and Nanocomposites, Part 2: Thin Films for Slow Drug Delivery and Osteomyelitis

“…For bone repaie and slow drug delivery systems, the most appropriate materials are the calcium phos phate based bone substitutes [3). They offer easy pro duction, drug carrying capability and supply both calcium and phosphates during dissolution.…”

“…The development of tissue engineering in the past has been related directly to the types of scaffolding materials used. At present, a number of synthetic bone graft biomaterials such as calcium phosphates are available as options to autogenous bone for augmentation, repair or substitution [3]. New advancements associated with calcium phosphate scaffolds and their improvements in microstructure and surface properties have created new opportunities for bone regenerative technologies.…”