Calorific values and flammability for forest wastes during the seasons of the year

Rodríguez-Añón, J. A.; Fraga, F.; Proupı́n-Castiñeiras, J.; Ledo, Jesus Palacios; Regueira, Lisardo Núñez

doi:10.1016/0960-8524(95)00034-c

Cited by 33 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…For the latter species, the values presented are very similar to the HHV values presented by Rodriguez Añón et al [32]. However, in general, the values obtained are relatively lower than those reported by Viana et al [5] ranging from 21 to 24 MJ•kg −1 .…”

Section: Higher Heating Valuesupporting

confidence: 88%

“…In a global analysis of the biomass of all species (Table 2), it is verified that Pterospartum tridentatum (shrubs) is the species with the highest values of C (50.4%) and, within this group, Cytisus sp and Ulex europaeus are the ones with the lowest Carbon content (46.5% an 46.9%, respectively). However, in a study carried out by Rodriguez Añón et al [32], the C contents of this last species are much higher (49.7%).…”

Section: Elemental Analysis (Chons) and Ashesmentioning

confidence: 75%

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Residual Agroforestry Biomass–Thermochemical Properties

Enes

Aranha

Fonseca

et al. 2019

Forests

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Research Highlights: Biomass from Mediterranean agroforestry vegetation may be a potential source of renewable energy. However, due to the high heterogeneity of this type of resource, the study of its characteristics becomes necessary for its efficient use. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the thermal and chemical properties of 14 different kinds of agroforestry biomass groups: shrubs, forest, and agricultural wastes. Materials and Methods: The higher heating value (HHV), the elemental analysis (C, H, O, N, S), ashes, mineral elements (Na, K, Ca, Mg, and P), trace elements (Mn, Fe, Zn, Ni, Cu, Cr, and Cd) and halogen elements (F and Cl) were quantified and compared with CEN/TS 147775 and CENS/TS 14961 standards, looking forward to future use for energy purposes, namely through combustion processes, as an alternative to fossil fuels. Results: The shrubs present the highest values of higher heating value (20.5 MJ kg−1), followed by the forest wastes (19.2 MJ kg−1) and the lowest in the agricultural wastes (18.5 MJ kg−1). Concerning the elemental analysis, the difference between groups C, H, and O are very small and not statistically significant, while for N, S and ashes values are higher in agricultural than shrubs and forestry wastes. The same tendency was found for the mineral nutrients. For the trace elements, the lowest content of Mn, Fe, and Zn is found in agricultural, Ni, and Cr content in the shrubs and Cu in the forest wastes. The halogen elements are present in greater amount in shrubs than agricultural and forest wastes. Conclusions: Although the high values of the halogen elements which may raise sintering problems and corrosive effect on metal parts in furnace and boiler, in general the shrubs biomass are those with better characteristics for energy uses, namely through combustion processes.

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Section: Higher Heating Valuesupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Elemental Analysis (Chons) and Ashesmentioning

confidence: 75%

Residual Agroforestry Biomass–Thermochemical Properties

Enes

Aranha

Fonseca

et al. 2019

Forests

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“…During the warm and dry seasons, the time until flame appeared became shorter, increasing the plant fire risk. This seasonal variation in flammability has also been reported by Rodriguez Añón et al (1995). Under wet conditions, species were less flammable, whereas in the summer, when water demands and transpiration were higher and plant hydration decreased, flammability increased.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Influence of water and terpenes on flammability in some dominant Mediterranean species

Alessio

Peñuelas

Llusià

et al. 2008

Int. J. Wildland Fire

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Abstract. In the Mediterranean basin, fires are a major concern for forest and shrubland ecosystems. We studied flammability, its seasonality and its relationship with leaf moisture and volatile terpene content and emission in the dominant species of a Mediterranean shrubland and forest in Catalonia (NE Iberian Peninsula). We measured temperatures and time elapsed between the three flammability phases: smoke, pyrolysis and flame, for four seasons. We sampled twice in spring because of an occasional drought period during this season. Flammability had a significant relationship with leaf hydration, in the shrubland and in the forest. Few and only weak correlations were found between terpene content and flammability. In the future, arid conditions projected by climatic and ecophysiological models will increase fire risk through decreased hydration and subsequent increased flammability of the species.

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“…Statistics show that over 20% of the land in Madagascar in covered with forests [40][41][42][43]. A large amount of forest wastes are generated, including scattered timber, residual branches, leaves and wood chips in forest tending and thinning operations; branches, sawdust, tops, sheeting, and cutting heads in wood harvesting and processing; and forestry byproducts of waste such as shells and nuts [44][45][46]. As for these forest wastes, Madagascar generally adopts the traditional treatment methods of landfill and incineration.…”

Section: Forest Wastesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Circular Economy through Waste to Biomass Energy in Madagascar

et al. 2021

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Biomass energy, contributing to about 80% of the total energy supply, is considered an important energy source in Madagascar. Although around 80% of energy use comes from biomass energy, the current application method of biomass in Madagascar is still in the earliest stage, which is not safe and sustainable. This is because the main form of biomass energy used in Madagascar is still solid charcoal and wood, and the technology is limited. Thus, it is necessary to search for better ways to utilize biomass energy in Madagascar because of high prices of traditional energy carriers and massive environmental pollution. This paper reviews the following: (1) a variety of available biomass wastes for energy in Madagascar including farming residuals, animal wastes, and forest wastes, as well as urban and industrial organic wastes; (2) advanced technologies, such as gasification, torrefaction, and fermentation, that can convert these wastes to biomass energy in forms with higher energy efficiency such as biogas, biocoal briquette, and ethanol fuel, which can not only help to achieve resource utilization of wastes and circular economy but also ease the energy crisis faced by Madagascar; and (3) Madagascar focused on the development of biomass energy with strategic policies and programs. International assistance also contributes to future promotion of biomass energy. It identifies several areas where research is urgently required to adopt instrumental policies to ensure that both rural development objectives and renewable energy targets are met with financial support from the government and international assistance.

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Calorific values and flammability for forest wastes during the seasons of the year

Cited by 33 publications

References 1 publication

Residual Agroforestry Biomass–Thermochemical Properties

Residual Agroforestry Biomass–Thermochemical Properties

Influence of water and terpenes on flammability in some dominant Mediterranean species

Towards Circular Economy through Waste to Biomass Energy in Madagascar

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