Camphor: risks and benefits of a widely used natural product

Zuccarini, Paolo

doi:10.4314/jasem.v13i2.55317

Cited by 57 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…38 It is familiar to many people as a principal ingredient in topical home remedies for a wide range of symptoms, and its use is well consolidated among the population of the whole world, having a long tradition of use as antiseptic, antipruritic, rubefacient, abortifacient, aphrodisiac, contraceptive and lactation suppressant. 40 In the present study, the highest quantities of camphor was recorded at P (-M) and PK (+M) combinations as 31.64% and 33.54% respectively. These amounts were extremely high considered previous studies isolated from essential oil.…”

Section: 54supporting

confidence: 48%

The Effect of Fertilization and Mycorrhiza Inoculation on Yield Variables and Essential Oil Characteristics of Salvia officinalis L. Growing in the Greenhouse and at the Field

Bağdat¹,

Craker²,

Yüksel³

2017

IJPER

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Common sage (Salvia officinalis L.) is one of the most valuable commercial medicinal and aromatic plants (MAP). It has served different treatments historically in folk medicine and has always been popular to use. This research was conducted to observe the effect of mycorrhiza infection and fertilization to the biomass and quality characteristics on common sage. The optimum N, P, K dosses and their combinations (NP, NK, PK, NPK) were applied to both +M (mycorrhiza infected) and -M (non mycorrhiza infected) plants. The research was carried out both in the greenhouse and the plants were transferred to the field. The field trial was established in randomized block design with tree replication at ALC, UMass and three harvests were recorded at the growing season in 2014. Yield parameters showed significance between -M and +M applications. The essential oil contents were extracted by vapor distillation, and the major components of the essential oils were determined as camphor, α-thujon, ß-thujon, α-humulene, viridiflorol and eucalyptol (1.8 cineole) by GC-Ms. The highest camphor was received from P (-M) and PK (+M) fertilization with 31.64% and 33.54%. And the highest α-thujon was recorded at PK (-M) and NK (+M) combinations with 27.51% and 34.24%, respectively.

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Section: 54supporting

confidence: 48%

The Effect of Fertilization and Mycorrhiza Inoculation on Yield Variables and Essential Oil Characteristics of Salvia officinalis L. Growing in the Greenhouse and at the Field

Bağdat¹,

Craker²,

Yüksel³

2017

IJPER

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“…As the uppermost constituent in EB and EL, the daily maximum human therapeutic dose of D-camphor is about 1.43 mg/kg. This dose is relatively safe, but still lacks information of long-term experiments [42]. Although safrole accounting for 29.0% of the EF showed obvious insecticidal activity, it is carcinogenic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Chemical Composition of Essential Oils from Cinnamomum camphora and Their Insecticidal Activity against the Stored Product Pests

Guo

Geng

Zhang

et al. 2016

IJMS

123

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To investigate the chemical composition and insecticidal activity of the essential oils of certain Chinese medicinal herbs and spices, the essential oils were extracted from the stem barks, leaves, and fruits of Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Presl, which were found to possess strong fumigant toxicity against Tribolium castaneum and Lasioderma serricorne adults. The essential oils of the plants were extracted by the method of steam distillation using a Clavenger apparatus. Their composition was determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometric (GC-MS) analyses (HP-5MS column), and their insecticidal activity was measured by seal-spaced fumigation. D-camphor (51.3%), 1,8-cineole (4.3%), and α-terpineol (3.8%), while D-camphor (28.1%), linalool (22.9%), and 1,8-cineole (5.3%) were the main constituents of its fruits. The essential oils of the C. camphora all showed fumigant and contact toxicity. Other compounds exhibited various levels of bioactivities. The results indicate that the essential oils of C. camphora and its individual compounds can be considered a natural resource for the two stored-product insect management.

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“…2,3) In addition, camphor has been used as an antiseptic, contraceptive, aphrodisiac, and lactation suppressant. 4) Because camphor has mild expectant, nasal decongestant, and cough-suppressant effects, camphor in ointments, oils, and inhalants has been widely used as a home treatment for colds even recently.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Camphor Induces Cold and Warm Sensations with Increases in Skin and Muscle Blood Flow in Human

Kotaka

Kimura

Kashiwayanagi

et al. 2014

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Application of camphor to the skin has been empirically thought to improve blood circulation. However, camphor's effects on blood circulation to the skin and on thermal sensation have not been well elucidated. In this study, we examined its effects on the quality of sensation as well as on skin and muscle blood flow in human. Nine adults (average age 37 9.4 years) participated in the study. Petroleum jelly containing 5%, 10%, 20% camphor, or 2% menthol was separately applied to the skin on the medial side of one forearm of each subject. Just after the application, camphor at each concentration induced a cold sensation in a dosedependent manner. Within 10 min, each subject reported that the cold sensation had faded, after which it was replaced by a warm sensation. As reported previously, a cold sensation was induced by application of 2% menthol, but the subjects did not adapt to that sensation. In addition, menthol did not induce a warm sensation at all. Application of menthol has been shown to increase blood flow in the skin. Finally, we measured blood flow in skin and muscle after the application of camphor or menthol. Application of camphor or menthol separately induced increases in local blood flow in the skin and muscle. The present results indicate that camphor induces both cold and warm sensations and improves blood circulation.

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Camphor: risks and benefits of a widely used natural product

Cited by 57 publications

References 36 publications

The Effect of Fertilization and Mycorrhiza Inoculation on Yield Variables and Essential Oil Characteristics of Salvia officinalis L. Growing in the Greenhouse and at the Field

The Effect of Fertilization and Mycorrhiza Inoculation on Yield Variables and Essential Oil Characteristics of Salvia officinalis L. Growing in the Greenhouse and at the Field

The Chemical Composition of Essential Oils from Cinnamomum camphora and Their Insecticidal Activity against the Stored Product Pests

Camphor Induces Cold and Warm Sensations with Increases in Skin and Muscle Blood Flow in Human

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