Campylobacter hominis sp. nov., from the human gastrointestinal tract.

Lawson, Andrew; On, Stephen L. W.; Logan, J. M. J.; Stanley, John R.

doi:10.1099/00207713-51-2-651

Cited by 79 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Biochemically, these 15 strains met the definition of members of the genus Campylobacter, as they were nonfermentative, microaerophilic gram-negative rods that were oxidase positive and that grew at both 35 and 42°C (9). Consistent with the biochemical data was the result of CFA analysis: a lack of branched-chain fatty acids but the presence of hydroxy acids, with the majority of CFAs present as straight-chained saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 71%

Description of Campylobacter curvus and C. curvus -Like Strains Associated with Sporadic Episodes of Bloody Gastroenteritis and Brainerd's Diarrhea

et al. 2005

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Campylobacter curvus is a rarely encountered Campylobacter species in human, animal, and environmental samples. During the course of two investigations, one involving a search for possible bacterial agents causing bloody gastroenteritis and a second concerning a small outbreak of Brainerd's diarrhea in northern California, 20 strains of C. curvus or C. curvus-like organisms were isolated by a microfiltration technique and prolonged incubation. The results suggest that C. curvus may be an underappreciated Campylobacter that may be involved in sporadic and outbreak cases of bloody or chronic diarrhea in humans.The genus Campylobacter consists of curved or S-shaped gram-negative, oxidase-positive microaerophilic bacilli with a respiratory type of metabolism (15). The genus has undergone several taxonomic revisions over the past decade, including the transfer of a number of species to either the genus Arcobacter or the genus Helicobacter (12). Sixteen species presently reside in the genus Campylobacter. Of these 16 species, Campylobacter jejuni, C. coli, and C. fetus are the major species of medical, public health, or veterinary interest involved in disease processes (12).Of the 13 remaining Campylobacter species, very little information regarding their pathogenicity is available, although some species, such as C. upsaliensis, C. hyointestinalis, and C. lari, have been associated with various infectious syndromes (1, 3, 13). Even less information about campylobacters such as C. curvus is available. Originally described in 1984 ("Wolinella curva") (14), only four strains of C. curvus were described in that report; two strains were associated with the oral cavity, one isolate was from blood, and the fourth was a clinical isolate of unknown origin. Since that initial report, few studies have reported on the isolation of C. curvus. C. curvus has been isolated from the stools of patients who subsequently presented with either Guillain-Barré or Fisher's syndrome, although no role in the development of these neurologic conditions could be associated with this species (8). In a 2000 study of more than 1,300 human stool specimens conducted to study the prevalence of campylobacters (other than C. jejuni and C. coli), only 3 of 48 campylobacters recovered were tentatively identified as C. curvus-like (4). A study from 2003 (11) reported that 320 consecutive liquid or semisolid fecal specimens submitted to a laboratory for enteric pathogen detection were culture negative for C. curvus, although one stool specimen was positive for C. curvus by 16S rRNA gene PCR. These cumulative results suggest that the frequency of C. curvus in the gastrointestinal tracts of symptomatic individuals is exceedingly low.Over a 4-year period, we have isolated 20 strains of C. curvus from two separate and distinct clinical settings, namely, from a hospital survey of infectious causes of bloody diarrhea and from an outbreak of Brainerd's diarrhea in northern California. These isolations serve as the basis of this report. MATERIALS AND METHODSSettings...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 71%

Description of Campylobacter curvus and C. curvus -Like Strains Associated with Sporadic Episodes of Bloody Gastroenteritis and Brainerd's Diarrhea

et al. 2005

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“…Nextly, they developed an isolation strategy employing initial non-selective membrane filtration onto fastidious anaerobe agar for the uncultivated C. hominis organisms [72]. The unique species status of the isolates, whose nearest phylogenetic neighbours were C. gracilis and C. sputorum, was further confirmed by taxonomic study of 47 phenotypic characteristics [72].…”

Section: Atypical Campylobactersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Campylobacter

et al. 2005

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-Species within the genus, Campylobacter, have emerged over the last three decades as significant clinical pathogens, particularly of human public health concern, where the majority of acute bacterial enteritis in the Western world is due to these organisms. Of particular concern are the species, C. jejuni and C. coli, which are responsible for most of these gastrointestinal-related infections. Although these organisms have already emerged as causative agents of zoonoses, several aspects of their epidemiology and pathophysiology are only beginning to emerge. Trends in increasing antibiotic resistance are beginning to emerge with oral antibiotics, which may be the drug of choice for when it is necessary to intervene chemotherapeutically. This review wishes to examine (i) emerging clinical aspects of the disease, such as Guillain Barré syndrome (GBS), (ii) the association between these organisms and poultry as a natural host, (iii) environmental aspects of Campylobacter epidemiology, (iv) the emergence of atypical campylobacters (v) emerging trends in antibiotic resistance, (vi) adoption of modern methods for the detection of campylobacters.

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“…Fourteen Campylobacter species have been validated, and novel members continue to appear (3). C. fetus, the type species of the genus, is a common cause of abortion and infectious infertility among sheep and cattle, while rarely causing disease in humans.…”

Section: Microbiologymentioning

confidence: 99%