Can bluetongue virus (BTV) be transmitted via caprine embryo transfer?

Ahmad, M.Z. Ali Al; Pellerin, J.L.; Larrat, M.; Chatagnon, G.; Cécile, R.; Sailleau, Corinne; Zientara, Stéphan; Fieni, F.

doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.01.025

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…This great affinity is clearly demonstrated in the Langston et al study (39) where 12 consecutive wash steps failed to remove BTV from the bovine embryos as infectious virus could be recovered afterwards. Similar results were obtained in infected caprine and ovine embryos where 10 washes did not remove BTV completely (16, 40). Also in this study the affinity of BTV-8 for the embryos was noted as more than 80% of wash step 5 fluids were BTV-8 positive albeit with decreasing Cp-values.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Failure to Remove Bluetongue Serotype 8 Virus (BTV-8) From in vitro Produced and in vivo Derived Bovine Embryos and Subsequent Transmission of BTV-8 to Recipient Cows After Embryo Transfer

et al. 2019

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The behavior of BTV-8 in cattle is different from most other serotypes not only with regards to clinical signs but certainly with respect to virus transmission (transplacental, contact). Therefore, the possibility of virus transmission by means of embryo transfer was examined by in vitro exposure of in vitro produced and in vivo derived bovine blastocysts to BTV-8 followed by different washing protocols, including longer exposure times (up to 120 s) to 0.25% trypsin at room temperature or at 37°C. None of the washing protocols used was successful in removing the viral genome completely from the in vitro produced and in vivo derived embryos as was demonstrated by real-time PCR. Moreover, BTV-8 virus was transmitted to recipient cows after embryo transfer of in vivo derived BTV8-exposed embryos, which had been subjected to routine decontamination as recommended by IETS, consisting of 5 washes in PBS followed by a double treatment of 0.25% trypsin for 45s at 37°C, and an additional 5 washes in PBS with 2% FCS. This study clearly demonstrates the necessity of vigorous application of the directives for screening of potential donors and the collected embryos, especially in regions with BTV-8, to prevent transmission of the disease.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Failure to Remove Bluetongue Serotype 8 Virus (BTV-8) From in vitro Produced and in vivo Derived Bovine Embryos and Subsequent Transmission of BTV-8 to Recipient Cows After Embryo Transfer

et al. 2019

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“…Experimental studies designed to investigate whether pre-implantation embryos recovered from viraemic cows could transmit BTV to seronegative recipients have failed to demonstrate transmission of the virus (Acree et al, 1991;Bowen et al, 1985a), whereas similar results have been obtained in experimental studies in sheep (Hare et al, 1988;Singh et al, 1997). It is currently accepted that the transmission of BTV via embryo transfer or the use of BTV infected semen represents a negligible risk for the transmission of the virus, as long as validated procedures for embryo washing are followed and semen is tested for the virus prior to export (Al Ahmad et al, 2011Ahmad et al, , 2012Venter et al, 2011;Wrathall et al, 2006).…”

Section: Experimental Infections To Study Reproductive Failures Assocmentioning

confidence: 78%

A review of experimental infections with bluetongue virus in the mammalian host

et al. 2014

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Experimental infection studies with bluetongue virus (BTV) in the mammalian host have a history that stretches back to the late 18 th century. Studies in a wide range of ruminant and camelid species as well as mice have been instrumental in understanding BTV transmission, bluetongue (BT) pathogenicity/pathogenesis, viral virulence, the induced immune response, as well as reproductive failures associated with BTV infection. These studies have in many cases been complemented by in vitro studies with BTV in different cell types in tissue culture. Together these studies have formed the basis for the understanding of BTV-host interaction and have contributed to the design of successful control strategies, including the development of effective vaccines. This review describes some of the fundamental and contemporary infection studies that have been conducted with BTV in the mammalian host and provides an overview of the principal animal welfare issues that should be considered when designing experimental infection studies with BTV in in vivo infection models.Examples are provided from the authors' own laboratory where the three Rs (replacement, reduction and refinement) have been implemented in the design of experimental infection 2 studies with BTV in mice and goats. The use of the ARRIVE guidelines for the reporting of data from animal infection studies is emphasised.

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“…In the present study, BTV-1 infection during early stage of gestation resulted in reduced implantation sites, early embryonic death, abortion, fetal resorption, mummification, and hemorrrages and necrosis of embryos. Exposure of bovine and caprine blastocysts to BTV-8 resulted in active viral replication leads to growth arrest and significant levels of cellular apoptosis 37,38 . This might the reason for lesions noticed during early stage in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virological, immunological and pathological findings of transplacentally transmitted bluetongue virus serotype 1 in IFNAR1-blocked mice during early and mid gestation

Saminathan

Vineetha

Maity

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Transplacental transmission (TPT) of wild-type Indian BTV-1 had never been experimentally proved. This study was first time investigated TPT of Indian BTV-1 (isolated from aborted and stillborn goat fetal spleens). The sequential pathology, virological and immune cell kinetics (CD4 + , CD8 + T-lymphocytes and NK cells in spleen and PBMCs), and apoptosis in IFNAR1-blocked pregnant mice during early (infected on 1 GD) and mid (infected on 8 GD) gestation have been studied. There was higher rate of TPT during mid stage (71.43%) than early (57.14%) stage. In early stage reduced implantation sites, early embryonic deaths, abortions, and necro-haemorrhagic lesions had observed. Mid stage, congenital defects and neurological lesions in foetuses like haemorrhages, diffuse cerebral edema, necrotizing encephalitis and decreased bone size (Alizarin red staining) were noticed. BTV-1 antigen was first time demonstrable in cells of mesometrium, decidua of embryos, placenta, uterus, ovary, and brain of foetuses by immunohistochemistry and quantified by real-time qRT-PCR. BTV-inoculated mice were seroconverted by 7 and 5 dpi, and reached peak levels by 15 and 9 dpi in early and mid gestation, respectively. CD4 + and CD8 + cells were significantly decreased (increased ratio) on 7 dpi but subsequently increased on 15 dpi in early gestation. In mid gestation, increased CD8 + cells (decreased ratio) were observed. Apoptotic cells in PBMCs and tissues increased during peak viral load. This first time TPT of wild-type Indian BTV-1 deserves to be reported for implementation of control strategies. This model will be very suitable for further research into mechanisms of TPT, overwintering, and vaccination strategies.Bluetongue (BT) is a non-contagious, insect-borne (mainly biting midges of Culicoides spp.) disease of domestic (primarily sheep) and wild ruminants, caused by bluetongue virus (BTV). BTV is the prototype member of the genus Orbivirus in the family Reoviridae 1 . Most prominent clinical signs of BT are usually seen in sheep. Experiment-2.The mid stage pregnant mice were inoculated I/V with 50 μl of inoculum containing 1 × 10 6 TCID 50 /ml of BTV-1 at 8 GD and acted as infected group. The mice were injected with anti-mouse IFNAR1 monoclonal antibody at a dose rate of 2.5 mg/mouse, I/P at 24 hours before BTV-1 infection. The control mid pregnant mice received I/V 50 μl of uninfected tissue culture medium and 24 h before, anti-mouse IFNAR1 monoclonal antibody at a dose rate of 2.5 mg/mouse, I/P and acted as placebo. Three mice from BTV-1 inoculated and two mice from control pregnant groups were sequentially euthanized by cervical dislocation on 1 (9 GD), 2 (10 GD), 3 (11 GD), 5 (13 GD), 7 (15 GD), 9 (17 GD), and 12/13 (20/21) dpi. The dams and all foetuses were examined thoroughly during post-mortem and body weight of foetuses was recorded.inocula. The bluetongue virus serotype-1 used in this experiment was isolated from stillborn and aborted fetal spleens of goats in July 2007 at Sardarkrushinagar, Gujarat, India 20 . The BTV-1...

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Can bluetongue virus (BTV) be transmitted via caprine embryo transfer?

Cited by 8 publications

References 25 publications

Failure to Remove Bluetongue Serotype 8 Virus (BTV-8) From in vitro Produced and in vivo Derived Bovine Embryos and Subsequent Transmission of BTV-8 to Recipient Cows After Embryo Transfer

Failure to Remove Bluetongue Serotype 8 Virus (BTV-8) From in vitro Produced and in vivo Derived Bovine Embryos and Subsequent Transmission of BTV-8 to Recipient Cows After Embryo Transfer

A review of experimental infections with bluetongue virus in the mammalian host

Virological, immunological and pathological findings of transplacentally transmitted bluetongue virus serotype 1 in IFNAR1-blocked mice during early and mid gestation

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