Can Nanotechnology Shine a New Light on Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapies?

Abstract

Recent developments in light-controlled therapies (e.g., photodynamic and photothermal therapies) provide promising strategies to prevent and suppress bacterial infections, which are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Antibacterial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has drawn increasing attention from the scientific society for its potential to kill multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria and for its low tendency to induce drug resistance. In this chapter, we summarize the mechanism of action of aPDT, the photosensitizers, as well the current developments in terms of treating Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The chapter also describes the recent progress relating to photomedicine for preventing bacterial infections and biofilm formation. We focus on the laser device used in aPDT and on the light-treatment parameters that may have a strong impact on the results of aPDT experiments. In the last part of this chapter, we survey on the various nanoparticles delivering photoactive molecules, and photoactive-nanoparticles that can potentially enhance the antimicrobial action of aPDT.

The nano-revolution in the diagnosis and treatment of endometriosis

“…132 The photodynamic effect can be used both therapeutically and as a fluorescence-guided surgical procedure 133 (see above). 63 PDT combined with NPs is widely used in tumors, 134 but also as an antibacterial, 135 and can find applications in endometriosis treatment. A few years ago, a PS alone derived from 5-aminolevulinic called protoporphyrin IX was used in endometriosis.…”

Nanotechnology Phenomena in the Light of the Solar Energy

“…These elements render nanotechnology good for energy utilizations [18,22,[26][27][28][29]. [18,22,[30][31][32][33].…”

“…Schematic illustration of photodynamic action [31]. Table 2 lists a selection of naturally occurring things and man-made structures with their respective scale sizes to provide aglobal perspective of where the nanometer scale is compared to the macroscopic world [1].…”

“…18, 22,[30][31][32][33] lists some frequent usages of nanotechnology. Usual utilizations of nanotechnology…”

Nano Antiviral Photodynamic Therapy: a Probable Biophysicochemical Management Modality in SARS-CoV-2

“…One of the most critical functions of medical nanotechnology is drug delivery vehicles which could improve drug availability at the target to make the maximum therapeutic benefit [13]. Nanomaterials can improve the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs, prolong the circulation time in the bloodstream, decrease the enzymatic degradation of drugs, reduce undesirable side effects, and enhance the drug bioavailability [14,15]. Despite the efficacy of aPDT, inefficient PS uptake by bacteria cannot result in efficient treatment.…”