“…This is the first work to analyze spatial policy competition with endogenous second-stage valence competition between two office-motivated candidates under general assumptions about the distribution of voter policy preferences, voter disutility, and cost of valence functions. Previous work, such as Londregan and Romer (1993), Ansolabehere and Snyder (2000), Groseclose (2001), Aragones and Palfrey (2002), and Dix and Santore (2002) considered the effects of exogenous valence. If the candidates are motivated only by office, then there is no pure strategy equilibrium in which both candidates have positive payoffs (Ansolabehere and Snyder 2000).…”