Candle-Soot Carbon Nanoparticles in Photoacoustics: Advantages and Challenges for Laser Ultrasound Transmitters

Kim, Jin-Wook; Kim, Howuk; Chang, Wei-Yi; Huang, Wenbin; Jiang, Xiaoning; Dayton, Paul A.

doi:10.1109/mnano.2019.2904773

Cited by 40 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Notably, OFUS offers an opportunity to improve spatiotemporal control in histotripsy. Histotripsy uses transducer to deliver low frequency (<3 MHz), short pulses (<10 cycles) of high intensity ultrasound (>20 MPa) for cavitation-based therapy to remove tissue 49 . Those transducers are driven under thousands of volts, suffering from the risk of dielectric breakdown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optically-generated focused ultrasound for noninvasive brain stimulation with ultrahigh precision

Jiang

Lan

et al. 2022

Light Sci Appl

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High precision neuromodulation is a powerful tool to decipher neurocircuits and treat neurological diseases. Current non-invasive neuromodulation methods offer limited precision at the millimeter level. Here, we report optically-generated focused ultrasound (OFUS) for non-invasive brain stimulation with ultrahigh precision. OFUS is generated by a soft optoacoustic pad (SOAP) fabricated through embedding candle soot nanoparticles in a curved polydimethylsiloxane film. SOAP generates a transcranial ultrasound focus at 15 MHz with an ultrahigh lateral resolution of 83 µm, which is two orders of magnitude smaller than that of conventional transcranial-focused ultrasound (tFUS). Here, we show effective OFUS neurostimulation in vitro with a single ultrasound cycle. We demonstrate submillimeter transcranial stimulation of the mouse motor cortex in vivo. An acoustic energy of 0.6 mJ/cm2, four orders of magnitude less than that of tFUS, is sufficient for successful OFUS neurostimulation. OFUS offers new capabilities for neuroscience studies and disease treatments by delivering a focus with ultrahigh precision non-invasively.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optically-generated focused ultrasound for noninvasive brain stimulation with ultrahigh precision

Jiang

Lan

et al. 2022

Light Sci Appl

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“…Importantly, previous CSNPs–PDMS composites have suffered from poor mechanical robustness against laser-induced damage, characterized by a damage threshold fluence of < 100 mJ·cm −2 . This greatly limits their use to low-fluence applications only [ 14 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 ], not suitable for areas requiring high-pressure amplitudes, such as therapy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stretchable and Robust Candle-Soot Nanoparticle-Polydimethylsiloxane Composite Films for Laser-Ultrasound Transmitters

et al. 2020

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Considerable attention has been devoted to the development of nanomaterial-based photoacoustic transmitters for ultrasound therapy and diagnosis applications. Here, we fabricate and characterize candle-soot nanoparticles (CSNPs) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composite-based photoacoustic transmitters, based on a solution process, not just to achieve high-frequency and high-amplitude pressure outputs, but also to develop physically stretchable ultrasound transmitters. Owing to its non-porous and non-agglomerative characteristics, the composite exhibits unique photo-thermal and mechanical properties. The output pressure amplitudes from CSNPs–PDMS composites were 20–26 dB stronger than those of Cr film, used as a reference. The proposed transmitters also offered a center frequency of 2.44–13.34 MHz and 6-dB bandwidths of 5.80–13.62 MHz. Importantly, we characterize the mechanical robustness of CSNPs–PDMS quantitatively, by measuring laser-damage thresholds, to evaluate the upper limit of laser energy that can be ultimately used as an input, i.e., proportional to the maximum-available pressure output. The transmitters could endure an input laser fluence of 54.3–108.6 mJ·cm−2. This is 1.65–3.30 times higher than the Cr film, and is significantly higher than the values of other CSNPs–PDMS transmitters reported elsewhere (22–81 mJ·cm−2). Moreover, we characterized the strain-dependent photoacoustic output of a stretchable nanocomposite film, obtained by delaminating it from the glass substrate. The transmitter could be elongated elastically up to a longitudinal strain of 0.59. Under this condition, it maintained a center frequency of 6.72–9.44 MHz, and 6-dB bandwidth ranges from 12.05 to 14.02 MHz. We believe that the stretchable CSNPs–PDMS composites would be useful in developing patch-type ultrasound devices conformally adhered on skin for diagnostic and therapeutic applications.

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“…Various research groups have investigated various nanoparticles for this application in detail for several years. For the purpose of high optical absorption, gold nanostructures, [20][21][22] graphite, [5,19] carbon fibers, [8,23] carbon black [18,24] as well as candle soot [25][26][27] have been investigated so far. Other highly absorbing nanoparticles are carbon nanotubes (CNTs), which are promising for these applications, [2,10,28] as they show the highest optical absorption properties in a broad range of optical wavelengths.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Characterization of CNT Composites for Laser‐Generated Ultrasonic Waves

Oser

Düttmann

Schmid

et al. 2020

Macro Materials & Eng

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In the last few years, extensive progress in ultrasonic wave generation by using multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in combination with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), functional composites, has been achieved. Due to high optical absorption of MWCNTs as perfect absorbers for laser beams and the high thermal expansion coefficient of PDMS, a compact transducer for ultrasonic wave generation at higher frequency can be realized. This study reports a novel method to synthesize MWCNT-PDMS composites deposited on a glass substrate by spray coating, which is done in a short time of 2 h. The layers (0.9-32.2 µm) show low optical transmission properties of 13.9-0.0% at a wavelength of 1047 nm. Apart from using a 1% Triton-X-100 stock solution and then diluted to a 0.1% relatively nonhazardous solution, no toxic chemicals are used. The Triton-X-100 solution is not hazardous for lab handling and is a commonly used lab detergent for the treatment of biological cells. The achieved sound pressure level is 3.4 MPa with a frequency bandwidth of 9.7 MHz. These results show the potential for a fast and nontoxic production of laser-generated ultrasonic transducers, which can be used well in the field of nondestructive material testing of layered materials or in medicine with an appropriate frequency range.

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Candle-Soot Carbon Nanoparticles in Photoacoustics: Advantages and Challenges for Laser Ultrasound Transmitters

Cited by 40 publications

References 73 publications

Optically-generated focused ultrasound for noninvasive brain stimulation with ultrahigh precision

Optically-generated focused ultrasound for noninvasive brain stimulation with ultrahigh precision

Stretchable and Robust Candle-Soot Nanoparticle-Polydimethylsiloxane Composite Films for Laser-Ultrasound Transmitters

Synthesis and Characterization of CNT Composites for Laser‐Generated Ultrasonic Waves

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