Canine Distemper Infection in Mice: Characterization of a Neuro-adapted Virus Strain and its Long-term Evolution in the Mouse

Bernard, Arlette; Wild, T. F.; Tripier, M. F.

doi:10.1099/0022-1317-64-7-1571

Cited by 26 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Moreover, CDV has been suggested to be a model for MS [185]. RPV infection has been analysed in cattle to a limited extent as this is a rather expensive model [186].…”

Section: The Value Of Animal Model Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morbilliviruses and human disease

Rima

Duprex

2005

The Journal of Pathology

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Morbilliviruses are a group of viruses that belong to the family Paramyxoviridae. The most instantly recognizable member is measles virus (MV) and individuals acutely infected with the virus exhibit a wide range of clinical symptoms ranging from a characteristic mild selflimiting infection to death. Canine distemper virus (CDV) and rinderpest virus (RPV) cause a similar but distinctive pathology in dogs and cattle, respectively, and these, alongside experimental MV infection of primates, have been useful models for MV pathogenesis. Traditionally, viruses were identified because a distinctive disease was observed in man or animals; an infectious agent was subsequently isolated, cultured, and this could be used to recapitulate the disease in an experimentally infected host. Thus, satisfying Koch's postulates has been the norm. More recently, particularly due to the advent of exceedingly sensitive molecular biological assays, many researchers have looked for infectious agents in disease conditions for which a viral aetiology has not been previously established. For these cases, the modified Koch's postulates of Bradford Hill have been developed as criteria to link a virus to a specific disease. Only in a few cases have these conditions been fulfilled. Therefore, many viruses have over the years been definitely and tentatively linked to human diseases and in this respect the morbilliviruses are no different. In this review, human diseases associated with morbillivirus infection have been grouped into three broad categories: (1) those which are definitely caused by the infection; (2) those which may be exacerbated or facilitated by an infection; and (3) those which currently have limited, weak, unsubstantiated or no credible scientific evidence to support any link to a morbillivirus. Thus, an attempt has been made to clarify the published data and separate human diseases actually linked to morbilliviruses from those that are merely anecdotally associated.

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“…Moreover, CDV has been suggested to be a model for MS [185]. RPV infection has been analysed in cattle to a limited extent as this is a rather expensive model [186].…”

Section: The Value Of Animal Model Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morbilliviruses and human disease

Rima

Duprex

2005

The Journal of Pathology

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“…Mice were challenged by intracerebral inoculation with 4 ϫ 10 2 PFU/ mouse of a neuroadapted strain of canine distemper virus (CDV) (24). The mice were observed for 1 mo after the challenge for clinical signs of disease, including fur roughing, weight loss, and neurological signs.…”

Section: Intracerebral Challengementioning

confidence: 99%

Dendritic Cells Recruitment and In Vivo Priming of CD8+ CTL Induced by a Single Topical or Transepithelial Immunization Via the Buccal Mucosa with Measles Virus Nucleoprotein

Etchart¹,

Desmoulins²,

Chemin³

et al. 2001

The Journal of Immunology

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The buccal mucosa, a prototype of pluristratified mucosal epithelia, contains a network of directly accessible class II+ epithelial dendritic cells (DC), similar to skin Langerhans cells. We showed that a single buccal immunization with measles virus nucleoprotein (NP), by either topical application onto or intradermal injection in the buccal mucosa, induced in vivo priming of protective class I-restricted specific CD8+ CTL. Both routes of immunization with NP induced a rapid recruitment of DC into the mucosa, which peaked at 2 h and decreased by 24 h. Treatment of mice with Flt3 ligand resulted in an increased number of DC in the buccal mucosa and enhanced the frequency of IFN-γ-producing NP-specific effectors and the NP-specific CTL response generated after buccal immunization with NP. Finally, NP-pulsed bone marrow-derived DC induced NP-specific IFN-γ-producing cells upon adoptive transfer to naive mice. These data demonstrate that a viral protein delivered to DC of the buccal mucosa induces in vivo priming of protective anti-viral CD8+ CTL.

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“…To study the in vivo effects of CNS infection on the MMP/TIMP equilibrium, we have used a mouse model of brain infection employing canine distemper virus (CDV) (8), a potentially neurotropic morbillivirus related to the human measles virus (27,56,63). Replication and persistence of CDV in the CNS result in a biphasic disease (6).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Morbillivirus Infection of the Mouse Central Nervous System Induces Region-Specific Upregulation of MMPs and TIMPs Correlated to Inflammatory Cytokine Expression

Khuth

Akaoka

Pagenstecher

et al. 2001

J Virol

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Viral infection of the central nervous system (CNS) can result in perturbation of cell-to-cell communication involving the extracellular matrix (ECM). ECM integrity is maintained by a dynamic balance between the synthesis and proteolysis of its components, mainly as a result of the action of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). An MMP/TIMP imbalance may be critical in triggering neurological disorders, in particular in virally induced neural disorders. In the present study, a mouse model of brain infection using a neurotropic strain of canine distemper virus (CDV) was used to study the effect of CNS infection on the MMP/TIMP balance and cytokine expression. CDV replicates almost exclusively in neurons and has a unique pattern of expression (cortex, hypothalamus, monoaminergic nuclei, hippocampus, and spinal cord). Here we show that although several mouse brain structures were infected, they exhibited a differential pattern in terms of MMP, TIMP, and cytokine expression, exemplified by (i) a large increase in pro-MMP9 levels, in particular in the hippocampus, which occurred mainly in neurons and was associated with in situ gelatinolytic activity, (ii) specific and significant upregulation of MT1-MMP mRNA expression in the cortex and hypothalamus, (iii) an MMP/TIMP imbalance, suggested by the upregulation of TIMP-1 mRNA in the cortex, hippocampus, and hypothalamus and of TIMP-3 mRNA in the cortex, and (iv) a concomitant region-specific large increase in expression of Th1-like cytokines, such as gamma interferon, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin 6 (IL-6), contrasting with weaker induction of Th2-like cytokines, such as IL-4 and IL-10. These data indicate that an MMP/TIMP imbalance in specific brain structures, which is tightly associated with a local inflammatory process as shown by the presence of immune infiltrating cells, differentially impairs CNS integrity and may contribute to the multiplicity of late neurological disorders observed in this viral mouse model.

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Canine Distemper Infection in Mice: Characterization of a Neuro-adapted Virus Strain and its Long-term Evolution in the Mouse

Cited by 26 publications

References 19 publications

Morbilliviruses and human disease

Morbilliviruses and human disease

Dendritic Cells Recruitment and In Vivo Priming of CD8+ CTL Induced by a Single Topical or Transepithelial Immunization Via the Buccal Mucosa with Measles Virus Nucleoprotein

Morbillivirus Infection of the Mouse Central Nervous System Induces Region-Specific Upregulation of MMPs and TIMPs Correlated to Inflammatory Cytokine Expression

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