Cannabidiol Products: Review of the Regulatory and Clinical Considerations

Antioxidant and Anti‐inflammatory Effect of Cannabidiol Contributes to the Decreased Lipid Peroxidation of Keratinocytes of Rat Skin Exposed to UV Radiation

“…Taking all this into account, there is a significant need to find a compound, especially from groups of natural compounds, with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that would protect epidermal cells in the human skin from UV radiation emitted by solar radiation that is encountered on a daily basis, as well as UV rays used in phototherapy for skin diseases. One potential candidate is the pharmacologically active-but nonpsychoactive-antioxidant and anti-inflammatory phytocannabinoid-cannabidiol (CBD, Figure 1) found in the Cannabis sativa L. plant [8][9][10]. Assessment of the antioxidant activity of CBD has shown that it can regulate the redox state directly by influencing redox components and indirectly interacting with other molecular targets related to redox balance [11].…”

Major Phytocannabinoids and Their Related Compounds: Should We Only Search for Drugs That Act on Cannabinoid Receptors?

“…The first ones isolated in 1975 (examples: dehydrocannabifuran DCBF-C5, cannabifuran CBF-C5) [23] The discovery of these compounds led to the identification of cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2) and endogenous ligands of the endocannabinoid system. There is evidence that this system plays an essential role in many normal physiological processes, such as memory, cognition, learning, motor control, anxiety, appetite, sleep, lipogenesis, fertility, formation of insulin and muscle fibers, vasomotricity, intestinal and bronchial motility, and immune modulation, but also in pathological-like pain, inflammation, and cancer [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42].…”

“…Numerous preclinical and clinical studies have reported that, due to the absence of psychoactive effects, CBD could have great potential in the treatment of symptoms characteristic of neuropsychiatric disorders (anxiety, depression, substance use disorders, dependence on various drugs, epilepsy, psychosis, Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, multiple sclerosis, Huntington's disease), migraine, inflammatory diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, etc. [26][27][28][29]133,134].…”

“…CBD, CBDA, and CBDV have been found to have numerous beneficial effects on the relief of various symptoms, especially in central nervous system disorders. CBD was tested in various neurological disorders such as depression and mood disorders, schizophrenia, Dravet syndrome (DS), Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS), and Alzheimer's, and in other types of pathologies such as neuropathic pain and inflammation [29,87,91,135,138,140,141]. CBDV has also become a good candidate as a therapeutic agent for neurological diseases such as epilepsy and autism spectrum disorders, Rett syndrome, ischemic strokes, or inflammatory pathologies such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) [91,[142][143][144].…”

“…As side effects, CBD can cause drowsiness/sedation, diarrhea, decreased appetite, rash, fatigue, sleep disturbances, increased liver transaminases, anemia, viral infections, and behavioral changes. Due to hepatic metabolism, it may cause drug-drug interactions in combination with drugs metabolized by the cytochrome P450 superfamily, such as warfarintype anticoagulants, direct oral anticoagulants (dabigatran), antiaggregants (clopidogrel), and various antiepileptic drugs (clobazam, topiramate, zonisamide) [29,82,87,146]. In a 2019 study, Andreson et al showed that CBD-clobazam interaction could be used to improve the anticonvulsant effect of CBD, but only when an anticonvulsant dose of CBD is used, meaning a sub-anticonvulsant dose of CBD did not potentiate the effects of clobazam, despite the presence of pharmacokinetic interaction (Anderson et al, 2019).…”