Capacity Controlling Parameters and Their Impact on Metal Toxicity in Soil Invertebrates

Gestel, C.A.M. van; Rademaker, M. C. J.; Straalen, Nico M. van

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-79418-6_8

Cited by 18 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Current legislation and assessment of Pb concentrations in soils is mainly based on the total concentration of Pb present in the soil (Davies et al, 2003). However, Pb bioavailability and toxicity as well as risk depend not only on the amount of Pb in soils and the characteristics of the organisms themselves, but also on the soil characteristics (Van Gestel et al, 1995;Bradham et al, 2006;Smith et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contribution of soil properties of shooting fields to lead biovailability and toxicity to Enchytraeus crypticus

Luo¹,

Verweij²,

Gestel³

2014

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

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a b s t r a c tVariation in soil properties may cause substantial differences in metal bioavailability and toxicity to soil organisms. In this study, lead bioavailability and toxicity to Enchytraeus crypticus was assessed after 21 days exposure to soils from different landscapes of a shooting range containing 47e2398 mg Pb/kg dry weight (dw). Soils had different pH CaCl2 (3.2e6.8) and organic matter contents (3.8e13% OM), therefore artificial soils with different pH and OM contents and two natural reference soils were included as controls. Effects on survival and reproduction and the uptake of Pb in E. crypticus were related to soil properties and total, water-and CaCl 2 -extractable and porewater Pb concentrations in the soils. Forest soils with pH CaCl2 < 3.5 and total Pb concentrations !2153 mg/kg dw had the highest bioavailability and toxicity of Pb to E. crypticus. At pH CaCl2 3.2 adult survival was inhibited and no juveniles were produced, while at pH CaCl2 3.8 reproduction was also reduced. Bioaccumulation of Pb linearly increased with increasing total soil Pb concentrations. The grassland soils with pH CaCl2 > 6.5 and total Pb concentrations 355e656 mg/kg dw were least toxic. This study shows that E. crypticus was very sensitive to acidic soils with pH CaCl2 3.8, suggesting that the toxic effects in the most contaminated forest soils may have been due to the low soil pH rather than the high Pb concentrations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A combination of soil properties seems to govern metal bioavailability (Van Gestel et al, 1995). To assess risk, it is therefore important to accurately characterize Pbcontaminated soils with different physicochemical properties and their toxicities to different soil organisms (Adriano, 2001;Dayton et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of soil properties of shooting fields to lead biovailability and toxicity to Enchytraeus crypticus

Luo¹,

Verweij²,

Gestel³

2014

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

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“…In 1992, Van Gestel [35] concluded that many factors affect sorption to soil and uptake in organisms and, therefore, that extrapolation between soils did not yet seem to be possible. Later, Van Gestel et al [36], in a review of the influence on soil characteristics on the toxicity of metals to soil invertebrates, concluded that pH is the most important factor, followed by soil OM content and CEC. However, for each metal, another combination of these factors seems to determine bioavailability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of soil properties and aging on the toxicity of copper forenchytraeus albidus, enchytraeus luxuriosus, andfolsomia candida

Amorim

Römbke

Schallnaß

et al. 2005

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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In the present study, the effect of the heavy-metal salt copper chloride (CuCl2.2H2O) in soils freshly spiked (3 d) and aged (70 +/- 10 d; mean +/- SD) was studied in the test species Enchytraeus albidus, E. luxuriosus, and Folsomia candida. Up to nine soils were used: Besides the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) artificial soil and the Agricultural Testing and Research Agency (Landwirtschaftliche Untersuchungs- und Forschungsanstalt, Speyer, Germany) 2.2 natural standard soils, the others were selected based on the EURO Soil approach, taking into account the effect of different soil parameters (pH, organic matter, grain size distribution, and carbon to nitrogen ratio). Additionally, the effect of the chloride ions was studied separately. The results revealed the following: First, a soil effect was observed; for example, in F. candida, median effective concentrations (EC50s) varied between 262 mg/kg in a sample from the same site as the original EURO Soil 5 soil and greater than 1,000 mg/kg in OECD soil. Second, an aging effect was observed, mainly in F. candida. For example, toxicity of offspring survival was increased twofold in the OECD soil and approximately eightfold with aging in the EURO Soil 7 soil, whereas the enchytraeid species did not react differently after aging. Third, an effect of chloride ions on reproduction of the animals was found; however, this effect was independent of the aging period. Fourth, species variation was seen in terms of sensitivity (EC50), decreasing in the following order: E. luxuriosus > E. albidus >> F. candida. Differences in toxicity of offspring survival between enchytraeids and F. candida might be explained by the different routes of uptake.

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“…A plant, which can be used for phytoextraction, should be able to grow rapidly, to produce large biomass and to accumulate high concentrations of metals. Availability of metals in soil has been reported to be dependent on soil type, metal species, metal kinetics and age of metal contamination in the soil (Beeby, 1993;van Gestel et al, 1995). The availability of heavy metals in soil is determined by their chemical speciation (Babich and Stotzky, 1980) and their interactions with organic matter and mineral soil particles (Li and Li, 2000), which can be influenced by soil organisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Earthworms Eisenia fetida affect the uptake of heavy metals by plants Vicia faba and Zea mays in metal-contaminated soils

Lemtiri

Liénard

Alabi

et al. 2016

Applied Soil Ecology

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A B S T R A C TEarthworms increase the availability of heavy metals in some situations and aid in maintaining the structure and quality of soil. The introduction of earthworms into metal-contaminated soils has been suggested as an aid for phytoremediation processes. In Wallonia, Belgium, a century of industrial metallurgic activities has led to the substantial pollution of soils by heavy metals, including copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd), due to atmospheric dusts. Two plant species, Vicia faba and Zea mays, and earthworms (Eisenia fetida) (Savigny, 1826) were exposed to different concentrations of longterm-contaminated soils for 42 days. The soil samples, which were collected from the land surrounding a former Zn-Pb ore-treatment plant, exhibited different levels of heavy metals. Our aim was to evaluate the role of earthworms E. fetida on the availability of metals in soils and their effects on metal uptake by V. faba and Z. mays plants at different soil concentrations.The results suggest that earthworms and plants modified the availability of metals in contaminated soils after 42 days of exposure. Earthworm life-cycle parameters were affected by metal contamination and/or the addition of plants; cocoon production and weight were more responsive to adverse conditions than earthworm survival or weight change. The concentrations of Pb and Cd in earthworm tissues decreased in the presence of plants. Results showed that metal accumulation in plants depended on the metal element considered and the presence of earthworms. However, the presence of earthworms did not change the concentrations of metals in plants, except for Cd. In the presence or absence of earthworms, V. faba accumulated higher concentrations of Cu and Zn compared with Z. mays, which accumulated higher concentrations of Cd. These findings have revealed that earthworm activities can modify the availability of heavy metals for uptake by plants in contaminated soils. Moreover, the study results show that the ecological context of phytoremediation should be broadened by considering earthworm-plant-soil interaction, which influence both the health of the plant and the uptake of heavy metals by plants.

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Capacity Controlling Parameters and Their Impact on Metal Toxicity in Soil Invertebrates

Cited by 18 publications

References 25 publications

Contribution of soil properties of shooting fields to lead biovailability and toxicity to Enchytraeus crypticus

Contribution of soil properties of shooting fields to lead biovailability and toxicity to Enchytraeus crypticus

Effect of soil properties and aging on the toxicity of copper forenchytraeus albidus, enchytraeus luxuriosus, andfolsomia candida

Earthworms Eisenia fetida affect the uptake of heavy metals by plants Vicia faba and Zea mays in metal-contaminated soils

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