Capillary forces between two solid spheres linked by a concave liquid bridge: Regions of existence and forces mapping

Megı́as-Alguacil, David; Gauckler, Ludwig J.

doi:10.1002/aic.11726

Cited by 89 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 29 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…It means that the observed repulsive residual force in the previous relaxation tests 1) is possibly attributed to the repulsive capillary force. As we detected the possibility of repulsive capillary forces in a concave liquid bridge, already noticed in literature in both theoritical [4][5][6][7][8] and experimental approaches.…”

Section: )supporting

confidence: 74%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Repulsive Capillary Force between two Plates Linked by a Concave Molten Slag Bridge

2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the previous papers, 1,2) the relaxation tests of molten alumonosilicate slags were carried out to evaluate the mechanical properties of molten slags. Namely, molten slag (35mass%CaO-35mass%SiO 2 -30mass%Al 2 O 3 ) drop of about 0.05 g was kept at 1 723 K between two Pt disks (6.5 mm dia.) and then was compressed at various compression rates until particular displacement distance, then the compression process was stopped and the stress relaxation with time was measured. The details of the experiment can be found elsewhere.1) The observed typical stress relaxation test is shown in Fig. 1. The stress relaxation curve was consisted of 3 stages. The force became maximum at maximum stress (Stage I). After this, the force decreased sharply (Stage II). Then the force was decreased gradually and asymptotically approached to the constant value (Stage III). Intriguingly, the molten slag showed the existence of the repulsive residual force even without the compression force.In the previous paper, 1) we supposed that the origin of this residual force was due to the structural rearrangement difficulty of the aluminosilicate molten slags. Namely the original structure of slags was changed to differently configurated structure during the compression process. After the elimination of compress force, it tried to return to the originally configurated structure. The structural relaxation should to involve breaking and making of the bonds between ions or silicate and aluminate units. The bending or distortion of silicate or aluminate units can be easily restored to the original state, however, the whole structural rearrangement among silicate and alumina units by the interatomic or intermolecular breaking and making of bonds can be difficult. Thus, the deformed structure may stay at the meta-stable configurated structure. This meta-stable structure could possess higher energy than that of original structure. This causes the repulsive residual forces. Now we realize, however, that the meta-stable structure may not the main reason of the repulsive force.Initially we excluded the effect of surface tension because the molten slags after the compression showed the concave liquid bridge as shown in Fig. 2. Generally speaking, two wetted surfaces can stick together with great strength if the liquid wets them with an angle qϽp/2. The q angle is defined in Fig. 3. Namely, the existence of the concave liquid bridge between two plates suggests the attractive force between two plates. The Laplace pressure within liquid bridge between wetted two plates can be ex- (1) where q is the wetting angle, g is the surface free energy, H is the plate to plate distance, and R is the radius of the liquid bridge, and all these parameters are shown in Fig. 3 As long as qϽp/2, DP can be negative or the force F between the plates can be attractive and the force can be expressed by Vol. 49 (2009), No. 11, pp. 1814-1815 Note Fig. 1. Schematic description of stress relaxation curve for the molten aluminosilicate slag.

show abstract

Section: )supporting

confidence: 74%

“…Details of the evaluation process can found elsewhere. 4) From Fig. 5, the capillary force is repulsive for V rel of smaller than 0.03 and wetting angle is below 71.6°.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 89%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Repulsive Capillary Force between two Plates Linked by a Concave Molten Slag Bridge

2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These measurements were validated by comparing to the volume of the water body approximated as axially symmetric from the area of the projection of the bridge in the images using Pappus-Guldinus theorem for selected separations (Fig. 2c) and to a volume calculated employing a toroidal approximation using current geometric data from image processing (as discussed later) following the formula developed in [43]. The difference between the experiments shown is less than a standard deviation in the measurements.…”

Section: Mass Loss Of Liquid Watermentioning

confidence: 96%

Evaporation-induced evolution of the capillary force between two grains

2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The evolution of capillary forces during evaporation and the corresponding changes in the geometrical characteristics of liquid (water) bridges between two glass spheres with constant separation are examined experimentally. For comparison, the liquid bridges were also tested for mechanical extension (at constant volume). The obtained results reveal substantial differences between the evolution of capillary force due to evaporation and the evolution due to extension of the liquid bridges. During both evaporation and extension, the change of interparticle capillary forces consists in a force decrease to zero either gradually or via rupture of the bridge. At small separations between the grains (short & wide bridges) during evaporation and at large volumes during extension, there is a slight initial increase of force. During evaporation, the capillary force decreases slowly at the beginning of the process and quickly at the end of the process; during extension, the capillary force decreases quickly at the beginning and slowly at the end of the process. Rupture during evaporation of the bridges occurs most abruptly for bridges with wider separations (tall and thin), sometimes occurring after only 25 % of the water volume was evaporated. The evolution (pinning/depinning) of two geometrical characteristics of the bridge, the diameter of the threephase contact line and the "apparent" contact angle at the solid/liquid/gas interface, seem to control the capillary force evolution. The findings are of relevance to the mechanics of unsaturated granular media in the final phase of drying.

show abstract

“…The surface tension will determine a specific contact angle of liquid metal or slag on a solid substrate, which ultimately establishes a force balance in a packed bed system. 10) The interaction between solid substrates such as packed beds and liquid materials have been studied by several researchers. [12][13][14][15] Among them, Jeong et al recently found out that the permeability of liquid iron in a coke bed could be enhanced by adding a new liquid material of different phase, namely, slag.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytic Approach for the Effect of Interfacial Tension on the Liquid Drop Flow in a Simple Packed Bed

Jeong

Jung

2016

ISIJ Int.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In a packed bed system, the interfacial tensions of liquid drops highly affect their flow behavior by changing the direction of the interfacial tensions in the liquid-solid-gas interface. The vertical directional interfacial forces of a liquid drop in a packed bed of small particles were calculated using a 3-D analytic calculation model. Regardless of the wettability of a solid surface, the interfacial tension induces the resisting force against the gravitational force. In short, the interfacial tension limits the flow of a liquid drop along the direction of the gravitational force. In case two liquid drops of different phases directly contact each other in a packed bed, one of the interfaces of each drop is shared, and the influence of the interfacial force decreased so that the liquid drops could move down through the void between particles compared with the case a single drop. If the shared interface of two liquid drops of which one is nonwettable and the other is wettable has lower contact angle than that of the liquid-gas interface of the liquid drop, then the drops experience the downward force along the direction of the gravity in the larger range of the position in the packed bed.

show abstract

Capillary forces between two solid spheres linked by a concave liquid bridge: Regions of existence and forces mapping

Cited by 89 publications

References 29 publications

Repulsive Capillary Force between two Plates Linked by a Concave Molten Slag Bridge

Repulsive Capillary Force between two Plates Linked by a Concave Molten Slag Bridge

Evaporation-induced evolution of the capillary force between two grains

Analytic Approach for the Effect of Interfacial Tension on the Liquid Drop Flow in a Simple Packed Bed

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About