Capturing metastable structures during high-rate cycling of LiFePO
            <sub>4</sub>
            nanoparticle electrodes

Liu, Hao; Strobridge, Fiona C.; Borkiewicz, Olaf J.; Wiaderek, Kamila M.; Chapman, Karena W.; Chupas, Peter J.; Grey, Clare P.

doi:10.1126/science.1252817

Cited by 543 publications

(644 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…This demonstrates that an increased carbon content also increases the porosity due to the large carbon black porosity. This readily provides an additional explanation why high carbon content electrodes exhibit high rate capabilities (Kang and Ceder, 2009;Liu H. et al, 2014). Also the porosity is relatively large at the vicinity of the interface between the two layers.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Operando Neutron Depth Profiling to Determine the Spatial Distribution of Li in Li-ion Batteries

Verhallen

Wagemaker

2018

Front. Energy Res.

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Neutron Depth Profiling (NDP) allows determination of the spatial distribution of specific isotopes, via neutron capture reactions. In a capture reaction charged particles with fixed kinetic energy are formed, where their energy loss through the material of interest can be used to provide the depth of the original isotope. As lithium-6 has a relatively large probability for such a capture reaction, it can be used by battery scientists to study the lithium concentration in the electrodes even during battery operation. The selective measurement of the 6 Li isotope makes it a direct and sensitive technique, whereas the penetrative character of the neutrons allows practical battery pouch cells to be studied. Using NDP lithium diffusion and reaction rates can be studied operando as a function of depth, opening a large range of opportunities including the study of alloying reactions, metal plating, and (de) intercalation in insertion hosts. In the study of high rate cycling of intercalation materials the relatively low Li density challenges counting statistics while the limited change in electrode density due to the Li-ion insertion and extraction allows straightforward determination of the Li density as a function of electrode depth. If an electrode can be (dis)charged reversibly, data can be acquired and accumulated over multiple cycles to increase the time resolution. For Li metal plating and alloying reactions, the large lithium density allows good time resolution, however the large change of the electrode composition and density makes extracting the Li-density as a function of depth more challenging. Here an effective method is presented, using calibration measurements of the individual components, based on which the ratio of the components as a function of depth can be determined as well as the total Li-density. The same principles can be applied to insertion host materials, where the differences in density due to electrolyte infiltration yield the electrode porosity as a function of depth. This is of particular importance for battery electrodes where porosity has a direct influence on the energy density and charge transport.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Operando Neutron Depth Profiling to Determine the Spatial Distribution of Li in Li-ion Batteries

Verhallen

Wagemaker

2018

Front. Energy Res.

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“…This is due to the phase transition that takes place from sodium-rich Na1.56Fe[Fe(CN)6]·3.1H2O (Na1.56) to sodium-poor NaδFe[Fe(CN)6]·nH2O (Naδ) during the charging process, which is also observed in LiFePO4. 26 During the discharge process, with the sodium insertion into the framework, the peaks of the (200) and (400) While the percentage of Fe 2+ cannot restore to the original state, just 30.5% at the end of discharging process (Table S4). This also confirms that the sodium content of the PB-5 electrode at the end of the discharging process is lower than that of the original Na1.56Fe[Fe(CN)6]·3.1H2O, in good agreement with the in-situ S-XRD observation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facile Method To Synthesize Na-Enriched Na_1+xFeFe(CN)₆ Frameworks as Cathode with Superior Electrochemical Performance for Sodium-Ion Batteries

et al. 2015

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Dou, S. (2015). Facile method to synthesize Na-enriched Na 1+x FeFe(CN) 6 frameworks as cathode with superior electrochemical performance for sodium-ion batteries. Chemistry of Materials, 27 (6), 1997Materials, 27 (6), -2003 Facile method to synthesize Na-enriched Na1+xFeFe(CN)6 frameworks as cathode with superior electrochemical performance for sodium-ion batteries AbstractDifferent Na-enriched Na 1+x FeFe(CN) 6 samples can be synthesized by a facile one-step method, utilizing Na 4 Fe(CN) 6 as the precursor in a different concentration of NaCl solution. As-prepared samples were characterized by a combination of synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction (S-XRD), Mössbauer spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, magnetic measurements, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and inductively coupled plasma analysis. The electrochemical results show that the Na 1.56 Fe[Fe(CN) 6 ]·3.1H 2 O (PB-5) sample shows a high specific capacity of more than 100 mAh g -1 and excellent capacity retention of 97% over 400 cycles. The details structural evolution during Na-ion insertion/ extraction processes were also investigated via in situ synchrotron XRD. Phase transition can be observed during the initial charge and discharge process. The simple synthesis method, superior cycling stability, and cost-effectiveness make the Na-enriched Na 1+x Fe[Fe(CN) 6 ] a promising cathode for sodium-ion batteries.Keywords method, batteries, facile, cathode, sodium, electrochemical, superior, frameworks, 6, cn, xfefe, na1, enriched, na, synthesize, ion, performance Disciplines Engineering | Physical Sciences and Mathematics Publication DetailsLi, W., Chou, S., Wang, J., Kang, Y., Wang, J., Liu, Y., Gu, Q., Liu, H. & Dou, S. (2015). Facile method to synthesize Na-enriched Na 1+x FeFe(CN) 6 frameworks as cathode with superior electrochemical performance for sodium-ion batteries.

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“…9). 17,18,21 However, structural and transport properties of the metastable solid solution phase are hard to measure due to its short lifetime; it easily relax into the ground-state phase separation within 10 second. We overcame this limitation by quenching Li x FePO 4 (x = 2/3, the eutectoid magic number) at 350°C to room temperature.…”

Section: Metastable Intermediate: Structure Transport and Opticalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic Studies on “Abundant” Battery Materials: Identification and Reaction Mechanisms

Yamada

2016

Electrochemistry

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"Abundance" is an important keyword in materials development. This is particularly the case for the energy storage sector, where materials themselves function as a storage host. The amount of materials is directly linked to the amount of energy stored in the device. In rechargeable batteries, transition metal elements are necessary to accommodate a large number of electrons/holes in a reversible redox reaction. Iron, as the fourth most abundant element in the earth's crust, is an ideal redox center, but practical storage electrodes with Fe redox have long been the "holy grail" of the lithium-ion battery since its commercialization in 1991. In this review article, the history of replacing Co with Mn and/or Fe in lithium battery electrodes is briefly reviewed followed by recent technical achievements toward more sustainable batteries using Na + as a guest ion, where the goal would be to discover a high voltage electrode material composed of Na and Fe without compromising the energy density. Further, our ultimate destination is set to high energy density aqueous lithium/sodium ion batteries, where the hydrate-melt electrolyte enables surprisingly high-voltage operation over 3 V. During materials identification and optimization, reaction mechanisms should be understood in a systematic way to provide a firm direction for strategic design. With this regards, important physicochemical properties of key materials will be introduced.

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Capturing metastable structures during high-rate cycling of LiFePO ₄ nanoparticle electrodes

Cited by 543 publications

References 44 publications

Operando Neutron Depth Profiling to Determine the Spatial Distribution of Li in Li-ion Batteries

Operando Neutron Depth Profiling to Determine the Spatial Distribution of Li in Li-ion Batteries

Facile Method To Synthesize Na-Enriched Na_1+xFeFe(CN)₆ Frameworks as Cathode with Superior Electrochemical Performance for Sodium-Ion Batteries

Systematic Studies on “Abundant” Battery Materials: Identification and Reaction Mechanisms

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Capturing metastable structures during high-rate cycling of LiFePO 4 nanoparticle electrodes

Cited by 543 publications

References 44 publications

Operando Neutron Depth Profiling to Determine the Spatial Distribution of Li in Li-ion Batteries

Operando Neutron Depth Profiling to Determine the Spatial Distribution of Li in Li-ion Batteries

Facile Method To Synthesize Na-Enriched Na1+xFeFe(CN)6 Frameworks as Cathode with Superior Electrochemical Performance for Sodium-Ion Batteries

Systematic Studies on &ldquo;Abundant&rdquo; Battery Materials: Identification and Reaction Mechanisms

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Product

Resources

About

Capturing metastable structures during high-rate cycling of LiFePO ₄ nanoparticle electrodes

Facile Method To Synthesize Na-Enriched Na_1+xFeFe(CN)₆ Frameworks as Cathode with Superior Electrochemical Performance for Sodium-Ion Batteries

Systematic Studies on “Abundant” Battery Materials: Identification and Reaction Mechanisms