Carbohydrates in pig nutrition – Recent advances

Knudsen, Knud Erik Bach; Lærke, Helle Nygaard; Ingerslev, Anne Krog; Hedemann, Mette Skou; Nielsen, Tina Skau; Theil, Peter Kappel

doi:10.2527/jas.2015-9785

Cited by 26 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…As a part of carbohydrates, and besides the quantitative aspect of fibre in feeds, fibre fulfils a range of functions and interactions in the gastrointestinal tract. One important step is therefore to define fibre, considering that in several studies the solubility and fermentability of fibre demonstrated major impact on the digestibility of various nutrients, digesta transit time, promotion of beneficial microbiota growth and metabolite production, gut heath and histological traits . Although several functions are recognized, most attempts to define fibre use quantitative approaches.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One important step is therefore to define fibre, considering that in several studies the solubility and fermentability of fibre demonstrated major impact on the digestibility of various nutrients, digesta transit time, promotion of beneficial microbiota growth and metabolite production, gut heath and histological traits. [1][2][3][4] Although several functions are recognized, most attempts to define fibre use quantitative approaches. Analytical methods used to characterize fibre often overlap or may exclude fractions of other distinctly different carbohydrate fractions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physicochemical properties to support fibre characterization in monogastric animal nutrition

et al. 2019

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BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to rank conventionally used fibre rich feeds for their physicochemical properties and detect possible correlation between analytical fibre determinations. A total of 22 samples were analysed for proximate fibre values, soluble dietary fibre (SDF), insoluble dietary fibre (IDF), crude protein (CP) and crude ash (CA). Physicochemical properties were determined in vitro by hydration capacity (HC) [water holding capacity (WHC), water binding capacity (WBC), swelling property (SwP)] and buffering capacity [linear buffering rate (LBR)]. RESULTS Fibre content and physicochemical properties varied markedly between the samples. HC was highest for beet pulp and lowest for rice and millet bran. Buffering capacity expressed minimum values for lignocelluloses and maximum values for rape seed hulls. The correlation of methods was positively between WBC, WHC and SwP (r ≤ 0.89; P ≤ 0.003) but not significant for HC and buffering capacity. SwP negatively correlated with crude fibre (CF), neutral detergent fibre (aNDFOM) and IDF (r ≤ −0.48; P ≤ 0.05). WBC and SwP positively correlated with SDF (r ≤ 0.63; P ≤ 0.04). LBR was negatively correlated with CF, aNDFOM, IDF and total dietary fibre (r ≤ −0.55; P ≤ 0.02), but positively with CP (r = 0.53; P = 0.01). CONCLUSION The determination of physicochemical properties is applicable to rank fibre rich feeds, some correlations between fibre analytical measurements and physicochemical properties were detected. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physicochemical properties to support fibre characterization in monogastric animal nutrition

et al. 2019

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“…Starch, in many pig diets provided in the form of cereals, is quantitatively the most important macronutrient and typically represents 40-50 % of the diet (22) . The form in which starch is presented to the pig is therefore one of the main determinants of rheological properties of diets.…”

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confidence: 99%

Whole digesta properties as influenced by feed processing explain variation in gastrointestinal transit times in pigs

et al. 2019

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Physicochemical properties of diets are believed to play a major role in the regulation of digesta transit in the gastrointestinal tract. Starch, being the dominant nutrient in pig diets, strongly influences these properties. We studied transport of digesta solids and liquids through the upper gastrointestinal tract of ninety pigs in a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement. Dietary treatments varied in starch source (barley, maize and high-amylose maize) and form (isolated starch, ground cereal and extruded cereal). Mean retention times (MRT) of digesta solids ranged 129–225 min for the stomach and 86–124 min for the small intestine (SI). The MRT of solids consistently exceeded that of liquids in the stomach, but not in the SI. Solid digesta of pigs fed extruded cereals remained 29–75 min shorter in the stomach compared with pigs fed ground cereals (P < 0·001). Shear stress of whole digesta positively correlated with solid digesta MRT in the stomach (r 0·33, P < 0·001), but not in the SI. The saturation ratio (SR), the actual amount of water in stomach digesta as a fraction of the theoretical maximum held by the digesta matrix, explained more variation in digesta MRT than shear stress. The predictability of SR was hampered by the accumulation of large particles in the stomach. In addition, the water-holding capacity of gelatinised starch leads to a decreased SR of diets, but not of stomach digesta, which was caused by gastric hydrolysis of starch. Both of these phenomena hinder the predictability of gastric retention times based on feed properties.

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“…Plant iNSP are structurally differentiated moieties at the primary, secondary and tertiary domains of the cell wall architecture (e.g. reviews by McDougall et al, 1996, Collins et al, 2010, Bach Knudsen, 1997, 2014, Pedersen et al, 2015Bach Knudsen et al, 2016). In the study test feed range, chemical variation in NSP was generically indicated by different neutral and acid detergent fibre, hemi-cellulose, ADL, cellulose, soluble versus insoluble fractions, with the quantitative fibre occurrence reflected in the total dietary fibre (Tables 1 & 2b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Soy iNSP are highly fermentable (McDougall et al, 1996) owing to extensive branching, which provides abundant cleaving sites for microbial enzymes (Jonathan et al, 2012). The least fermented co-products are those in which the secondary plant tissue is dominated by cellulose and the most complex non-cellulosic iNSP (Bach Knudsen et al, 2016), and the most lignified (Tables 1 and 2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-products in maize-soybean growing-pig diets altered <i>in vitro</i> enzymatic insoluble fibre hydrolysis and fermentation in relation to botanical origin

Fushai¹,

Tekere²,

Masafu³

et al. 2019

SA J. An. Sci.

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The study examined the effects of botanical factors and fermentation-based, high-level dilution of coproduct feeds in maize-soybean growing-pig diets on enzymatic insoluble fibre hydrolysis and fermentation. Feed insoluble fibre residues that were recovered after pepsin-pancreatin digestion were subjected to Roxazyme ® G2 (Roxazyme) versus Viscozyme L ® V2010 (control) hydrolysis, and to 64-hour fermentation using pig faecal inoculum. The control diet was a 13 MJ metabolizable energy, 141 g total dietary fibre/kg dry matter maize-meal/hominy chop-soybean diet, which was diluted with maize cob, soybean hulls, barley brewer's grains, lucerne hay or wheat bran in 12 MJ metabolizable energy, 246 g total dietary fibre/kg dry matter iso-nutrient, single co-product test diets. Fermentable insoluble fibre was employed in a computerized iterative selection of ingredients in two iso-nutrient 11 MJ metabolizable energy 319 total dietary fibre/kg dry matter mixed fibre test diets for maximal contrast (high (HF) versus low (LF)) in fermentability. Insoluble fibre extractive pepsin-pancreatin digestibility differed between feed ingredients, and the single co-product test diets, and between the HF and LF mixed co-product diets. Fibre digestibility depended on both the origin and enzyme, with interaction, whereby carbohydrases expressed similar low (0.04-0.05) insoluble fibre digestibility for maize cob, moderate (0.12) digestibility for wheat bran and brewer's grain, with inferior Roxazyme G2 digestibility for maize hominy chop (0.02 vs 0.10) and meal (0.04 vs 0.16), dehulled soybean meal (0.02 vs 0.17), lucerne hay (0.08 vs 0.18), and soybean hulls (0.05 vs 0.33). Co-product-enzyme affinities were expressed in single fibre diets. Low Roxazyme-basal fibre affinity limited its comparative single co-product (0.03-0.07 vs 0.16-0.22) HF (0.07 vs 0.17) and LF (0.4 vs 0.20) dietary fibre digestibility. Screening for HF/LF did not affect enzymatic digestion, though enzyme combination increased HF, but not LF digestibility. Gas and short chain fatty acid production predicted fermentability proportionately in the declining order of dehulled soybean ≥ maize ≥ soy hulls ≥ maize hominy chop > wheat bran >lucerne hay ≥ brewer's grain = maize cob. Induced HF and LF contrast was significant. Co-product fibre enrichment decreased fermentability for all except the soy hull and HF diets. Cereal fibre yielded proportionately less acetate, with more propionate and butyrate, and a greater butyrate shift for maize fibre. The HF fibre induced more ACE and less butyrate. Biomarkers of deleterious proteolytic fermentation were high for lucerne (isobutyrate) and soy hulls (iso-valerate). In conclusion, high-level and fermentation based co-product feed dilution into maize-soybean growing pig diets altered enzymatic insoluble fibre hydrolysis and fermentation in relation to botanical origin. Roxazyme expressed weak hydrolytic potency on maize and soybean insoluble fibre.

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Carbohydrates in pig nutrition – Recent advances

Cited by 26 publications

References 78 publications

Physicochemical properties to support fibre characterization in monogastric animal nutrition

Physicochemical properties to support fibre characterization in monogastric animal nutrition

Whole digesta properties as influenced by feed processing explain variation in gastrointestinal transit times in pigs

Co-products in maize-soybean growing-pig diets altered <i>in vitro</i> enzymatic insoluble fibre hydrolysis and fermentation in relation to botanical origin

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