Carbon Anode Materials for Advanced Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Abstract

The ever‐increasing demand of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) caused by the rapid development of various electronics and electric vehicles will be hindered by the limited lithium resource. Thus sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) have been considered as a promising potential alternative for LIBs owing to the abundant sodium resource and similar electrochemical performances. In recent years, significant achievements regarding anode materials which restricted the development of SIBs in the past decades have been attained. Significantly, the sodium storage feasibility of carbon materials with abundant resource, low cost, nontoxicity and high safety has been confirmed, and extensive investigation have demonstrated that the carbonaceous materials can become promising electrode candidates for SIBs. In this review, the recent progress of the sodium storage performances of carbonaceous materials, including graphite, amorphous carbon, heteroatom‐doped carbon, and biomass derived carbon, are presented and the related sodium storage mechanism is also summarized. Additionally, the critical issues, challenges and perspectives are provided to further understand the carbonaceous anode materials.

Heterostructured TiO2 Spheres with Tunable Interiors and Shells toward Improved Packing Density and Pseudocapacitive Sodium Storage

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abundance, as well as almost unlimited sodium resources on earth, sodium-ion batteries (SIBs or NIBs) are continuously attracting increasing attentions in both of the academic and industrial fields as competitive alternatives for the possible replacement of LIBs. [5][6][7] Among the various candidates for NIB anodes, titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) is a promising choice on account of its several superiorities such as structural stability based on intercalation mechanism, safety insurance due to the high working voltage, environmental friendly, and low cost. [5][6][7] Among the various candidates for NIB anodes, titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) is a promising choice on account of its several superiorities such as structural stability based on intercalation mechanism, safety insurance due to the high working voltage, environmental friendly, and low cost.

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Biomass-derived carbon materials with structural diversities and their applications in energy storage

“…The F-doping is prone to increase the repulsive interaction between carbon layers, thus enlarging the carbon interlayer distance, which is conducive to the insertion and de-insertion of large-sized electrolyte ions, especially for sodium ions. Analogously, S doping in carbon can also enlarge carbon interlayer distance, meanwhile act as an additional active site for sodium storage [9,92,146].…”

“…Introducing heteroatom has been considered as a promising approach to enhance the capacity, electronic conductivity and surface wettability and promotes the electrode/electrolyte interactions and charge transfer [9,128]. To date, nitrogen is the most widely studied heteroatom for biomass-derived carbon materials, which can promote the reaction activity and electronic conductivity.…”

“…Among the exploited energy materials, carbon materials have attracted a great deal of attention as the electrode materials due to their high electronic conductivity, adjustable microstructure and excellent stability [9,11,12]. In particular, graphene or carbon nanotube, as a rising star in carbon materials, exhibits specific structure and exceptional physicochemical properties [13][14][15][16], nevertheless, their preparation process is usually complicated [17,18].…”

“…Consequently, the exploitation of high power energy storage devices is important for electric vehicles and consumer electronics around the world [3]. Among various energy storage devices, supercapacitors have higher power density and cycling stability [4][5][6][7], while lithium-and sodium-ion batteries possess relatively large specific capacity and high working voltage [8][9][10]. However, the performances of the energy storage devices primarily depend on the electrode materials with ideal structural design, simple preparation process, specific properties, abundant resources, low-cost and environmental friendliness.…”