Carbon balance in grapevines (Vitis viniferaL.): effect of environment, cultivar and phenology on carbon gain, losses and allocation

Abstract

Background and Aims Measuring the carbon assimilation and respiration during vine phenology can provide an understanding of the dynamics of carbon fluxes from different organs and their relationship. Most field studies to date do not consider the respiratory losses of different plant organs and their variability under environmental, genetic and phenological changes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of genotype and water regime on carbon assimilation, respiration and allocation during vine phenology. Methods and Results Field trials were carried out during 2013 and 2014 to study the effect of genotype and water status on carbon assimilation, respiratory losses from leaves, shoots, fruits and roots during the vine phenological cycle, and on biomass production. Carbon respiration varied during plant phenology and represented a significant proportion of the total vine carbon assimilation. The integrated carbon respiratory loss in leaves, fruits and roots was greater in irrigated vines than in non‐irrigated vines. Tempranillo recorded the highest carbon assimilation, leaf and stem respiration, as well as the highest above‐ground biomass. Garnacha showed a higher root respiration loss and allocated more biomass to the permanent organs. Accumulation of above‐ground biomass was influenced by plant carbon budgets during the growing season. Conclusions Vine phenology, cultivar and plant water status affected carbon assimilation, carbon loss and carbon allocation. Non‐irrigated vines had a higher respiratory carbon loss in respect to the total carbon assimilation by photosynthesis. Above‐ and below‐ground carbon fluxes were coupled during vine phenology. Significance of the Study The present work illustrates the importance of respiratory processes on the carbon balance and the relationship among different carbon balance components during vine phenology.

Unraveling the Physiological Mechanisms Underlying the Intracultivar Variability of Water Use Efficiency in Vitis vinifera “Grenache”

“…In the grapevine, it is recognized that WUE WP can be decoupled from WUE i [ 19 , 41 , 42 ]. Several factors were proposed to explain these discrepancies, including canopy light interception, root respiration, leaf respiration, and transpiration at night [ 43 ]. Nonetheless, the low SGR and LAR observed in EVENA-13, RJ21 and VNQ agreed with their negative residuals in the WUE i –g s regression ( Table 3 and Figure 3 ).…”

Genotype Variations in Water Use Efficiency Correspond with Photosynthetic Traits in Tempranillo Grapevine Clones

“…A large part of the CO 2 fixed by photosynthesis is invested in those processes, which limits the C available for growth. It can be assumed that a lower respiration cost will improve the plant carbon balance and lead to higher plant biomass production [23,25]. This is the case under unconstrained conditions for other biotic or abiotic stresses, such as salt or nutrient deficiency [62].…”

“…However, although some positive correlations were reported [20], there is frequently a poor correspondence between the two WUE values [21,22]. Several factors were proposed to explain the discrepancies between leaf and plant WUE, including various unmeasured water or carbon losses, such as night respiration and transpiration, canopy light interception, carbon loss from the roots and carbon allocation changes [20,[23][24][25].…”

Testing field adaptation strategies for delaying grape ripening and improving wine composition in a cv. Macabeo Mediterranean vineyard

“…Thus, the relationship between TSSs and TA during ripening was not remarkably modified by the shading treatment as compared to the control. This suggests that although the shading treatment most likely reduced berry respiration and thus acid catabolism ( Lu et al., 2021 ), it also reduced the grape’s accumulation of photoassimilates by photosynthesis to a similar extent ( Hernández-Montes et al., 2022 ). In contrast, the relationship between tartaric and malic acids was significantly affected by shading.…”

“…Moreover, mulching could also affect root respiration and vine water status, due to not only soil water increases but also soil temperature modification ( Hernández-Montes et al., 2017 ; Costa et al., 2018 ). Recently, Hernández-Montes et al. (2022) indeed highlighted the importance of respiratory processes on the carbon balance during vine phenology.…”