Carbon cycling in coastal sediments: 1. A quantitative estimate of the remineralization of organic carbon in the sediments of Buzzards Bay, MA

McNichol, Ann P.; Lee, Cindy; Druffel, Ellen R. M.

doi:10.1016/0016-7037(88)90223-2

Cited by 61 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The shallow sediment depth in plugs (0.6 mm) meant that water saturation state propagated into sediments and remained nearly identical to values in overlying water (7.0-7.2). Similar pH ranges are common in the nearsurface sediments of estuarine deposits and are usually sufficient to lower CO concentrations below CaCO 3 equilib-2Ϫ 3 rium values (Aller 1982;McNichol et al 1988;Green andAller 1998, 2001).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Dissolution mortality of juvenile bivalves in coastal marine deposits

Green

Jones

Boudreau

et al. 2004

Limnology & Oceanography

162

102

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We evaluate experimentally the effect of carbonate saturation state at the sediment-water interface (SWI) on survivorship of various size classes of the juvenile bivalve Mercenaria mercenaria. Populations of 0.2-mm, 0.3-mm, 1-mm, and 2-mm M. mercenaria were introduced to sediments realistically undersaturated (experimental, saturation state with respect to aragonite ϭ ⍀ aragonite ϭ IMP/K ϭ ϳ0.3) and saturated (control, ⍀ aragonite ϭ ϳ1.5) Ј sp with respect to aragonite in order to evaluate the impact of saturation state and dissolution on survivorship. Linear regression analysis was used to examine mortality within each treatment over time and show significant mortality for each size class in experimental-undersaturated treatments only (P Ͻ 0.05). Mortality rates in experimentalundersaturated sediments were Ϫ11.8, Ϫ4.8, Ϫ1.9, and Ϫ1.1% d Ϫ1 for the 0.2-, 0.3-, 1.0-, and 2.0-mm bivalves, respectively. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to examine differences in mortality between treatments over time and show significantly different mortality rates for the 0.2-, 0.3-, and 1-mm individuals (P Ͻ 0.05).

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 80%

Dissolution mortality of juvenile bivalves in coastal marine deposits

Green

Jones

Boudreau

et al. 2004

Limnology & Oceanography

162

102

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“…Carbonate saturation in coastal deposits and bivalve calcification-A quantitatively significant proportion of biogenic CaCO 3 produced shoreward of the shelf-break dissolves in both terrigenous and carbonate sediments underlying waters saturated with respect to carbonate minerals (McNichol et al 1988;Rude and Aller 1991;Green and Aller 1999;Green and Aller 2001). Although the importance of this process is generally accepted, skepticism still exists as to the potential effects of sediment saturation state on shell-bearing organisms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The interplay of seasonal temperature change, spatial heterogeneity, aerobic respiration at the SWI, proton production (lowering pH) during oxidation of reduced metabolites (e.g., NH z 4 , Mn 2+ , Fe 2+ , acid-volatile sulfur), and additional transport-related controls such as particle reworking and bio-irrigation (Aller 1982;Green et al 2004a;Jansen and Aherns 2004) all contribute variability in CO 2{ 3 . Undersaturated surface sediments have been documented in many coastal regions along the east coast of the United States (Aller 1982;McNichol et al 1988;Rude and Aller 1991), and are presumably encountered throughout the world in regions with similar sediment types.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Death by dissolution: Sediment saturation state as a mortality factor for juvenile bivalves

Green

Waldbusser

Reilly

et al. 2009

Limnology & Oceanography

182

153

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We show that death by dissolution is an important size-dependent mortality factor for juvenile bivalves. Utilizing a new experimental design, we were able to replicate saturation states in sediments after values frequently encountered by Mercenaria mercenaria in coastal deposits (V aragonite 5 0.4 and 0.6). When 0.2-mm M. mercenaria were reared in sediments at V aragonite 5 0.4 and 0.6, significant daily losses of living individuals occurred (14.0% and 14.4% d 21 , respectively), relative to supersaturated-control sediments (3.9% d 21 ). For 0.4-mm M. mercenaria, significant mortality occurred under the most undersaturated conditions (V aragonite 5 0.4, mortality 5 9.6% d 21 ), although mortality at V aragonite 5 0.6 was not significant (mortality 5 2.7% d 21 ; controlsaturated mortality 5 0.2% d 21 ). For the largest size-class investigated, 0.6 mm, we show significant mortality for clams under the most undersaturated sediments (V aragonite 5 0.4, 2.8% d 21 ). To test if buffered sediments would increase survivorship of juvenile bivalves during periods of recruitment, we manually manipulated sediment saturation state by adding crushed Mya arenaria shell to a mud flat in West Bath, Maine, U.S.A. Although we increased the average sediment saturation state within retrieved cores from V 5 0.25 6 0.01 to only 0.53 6 0.06, numbers of live M. arenaria in buffered sediment increased almost three-fold in 2 weeks. Buffering muds against the metabolic acids that cause lowered saturation states may represent a potentially important management strategy to decrease dissolution mortality.

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“…The calculated k values (k,,lc, Table 5) are at the lower limit of the range reported for a wide variety of coastal sediments (e.g. 0.1 to 4.8 yr-'; McNichol et al 1988; 0.005 to 53 yr-l, Andersen 1996; 0.2 to 7 yr-' ; and suggests that the bulk organic matter at the Great Ouse sites is highly refractory with reactivity decreasing landward from Site 4 to Site 1. Similarly, ko, obtained with Eq.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Calibration of an early diagenesis model for high nitrate, low reactive sediments in a temperate latitude estuary (Great Ouse, UK)

Kelly-Gerreyn¹,

Hydes²,

Trimmer³

et al. 1999

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The description and calibration of a reaction-diffusion model of early diagenesis are presented. Unlike previous models it has been developed for a temperate latitude estuary (Gt Ouse, UK) impacted by high nitrate concentrations (annual mean 700 PM). Five variables. 02, No3-, NH4', Sod2-and S'-, are modelled from the steady state distributions of bulk total organic carbon (TOC) (i.e. a l -G model) Three methods for deriving the first order rate constant, k, for TOC mineralisation are tested: (1) data calculated k values [ i e. (depth integrated total mineralisation rate) + (depth integrated TOC inventory)], (2) an exponential formulation, k, = k, e-a" ( k o = k at sedunent surface, a = react~vity coefficient of decrease, z = depth); and (3) use of separate k values for individual mineralisation pathways. Method 1 underestimates observed fluxes of solutes across the sediment-water interface (SWI) by up to an order of magnitude. This is due to an inappropriate use of the calculated kin the model. The calculation of k yields an overall net value which implicitly accounts for all factors acting on rnineralisation. Such factors (e.g. oxidant limitation of organic decay) are explicitly modelled. Consequently, k is significantly reduced by factors applied to it in the model which have previously been accounted for in the calculation. In Method 2, measured NO3-fluxes are overestimated by up to a factor of 7 . To reproduce measured benthic oxygen demands and sulphate reduction rates, a cannot be simultaneously fitted to the NO3-fluxes. The high overlying NO3-concentrations result in model denitrification that cannot reproduce the degree of limitation that actually occurs. Method 3 reproduces the data (i.e. both stoichiometrically derived mineralisation rates and measured solute fluxes at the SWI) to a high degree (r > 0.99, p < 0.001), but at the expense of increasing the degrees of freedom in the model and conceptual simplicity. These results cast doubt over the universal applicability of diagenetic models for estuarine systems exposed to high No3-concentrations. It is concluded that the use of commonly calculated first order rate constants (Method 1) and the frequently used exponential function (Method 2) in diagenetic models cannot be relied upon to reproduce observations in high NO3-estuaries. Previous stoichiometric calculations suggested that all of the measured ammonium fl.uxes across the SW1 in the Gt Ouse could be accounted for with oxygen, nitrate and sulphate reduction alone. With these latter processes the model (Method 3) underestimates the observed ammonium fluxes by up to 44 % at 3 out of 4 sites. This suggests that other mineralisation pathways (e.g. nitrate ammonification) are active in the Great Ouse sediments.

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Carbon cycling in coastal sediments: 1. A quantitative estimate of the remineralization of organic carbon in the sediments of Buzzards Bay, MA

Cited by 61 publications

References 35 publications

Dissolution mortality of juvenile bivalves in coastal marine deposits

Dissolution mortality of juvenile bivalves in coastal marine deposits

Death by dissolution: Sediment saturation state as a mortality factor for juvenile bivalves

Calibration of an early diagenesis model for high nitrate, low reactive sediments in a temperate latitude estuary (Great Ouse, UK)

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