Carbon fibre reinforced PEEK versus traditional metallic implants for orthopaedic trauma surgery: A systematic review

Theivendran, Kanthan; Arshad, Faizan; Hanif, Umar-Khetaab; Reito, Aleksi; Foote, Clary J

doi:10.1016/j.jcot.2021.101674

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…A significant number of papers on the use of PEEK-based composites are devoted to orthopedic applications. The authors are looking for ways to replace metal implants (components) with polymer ones, for which neat PEEK is often loaded with CFs [ 12 ]. In the design of PEEK-based composites for biomedical engineering applications, aspects of the polymer-filler interfacial interaction and their fabrication methods also play an important role.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Performance Polymer Composites: A Role of Transfer Films in Ensuring Tribological Properties—A Review

2022

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The purpose of this review is to summarize data on the structure, mechanical and tribological properties, and wear patterns of composites based on high-performance polymers (HPPs) intended for use in friction units. The review includes three key sections, divided according to the tribological contact schemes regardless of the polymer matrix. In the second part, the analysis of composites is carried out in point contacts. The third section is devoted to the results of studies of HPP-based composites in linear ones. The fourth section summarizes information on flat contacts. Particular attention is paid to the formation of transfer films (TFs) in the contacts and their influence on the tribological patterns of the studied rubbing materials. As a conclusion, it is noted that the challenge of experimental methods for analyzing TFs, stated by K. Friedrich, is effectively solved in recent studies by the XPS method, which enables us to accurately determine their composition. Although this determination is completed after the tribological tests, it allows not only a more accurate interpretation of their results considering specific conditions and loading schemes, but also the ability to design HPP-based composites that form required TFs performing their preset functions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Performance Polymer Composites: A Role of Transfer Films in Ensuring Tribological Properties—A Review

2022

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“…The adhesive performance of PGMA-modified metallic adherents for dissimilar materials was evaluated using CFR-PEEK and metallic adherents. CFR-PEEK is a carbon-fiber-reinforced composite with excellent mechanical properties and thermal/chemical stability . In our previous research, CFR-PEEK was functionalized by PGMA via surface-initiated photopolymerization .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CFR-PEEK is a carbon-fiberreinforced composite with excellent mechanical properties and thermal/chemical stability. 35 In our previous research, CFR-PEEK was functionalized by PGMA via surface-initiated photopolymerization. 22 By combining the PGMA-modified Al and CFR-PEEK using epoxy adhesives, the reinforcement of surface modification on dissimilar adherent materials is demonstrated.…”

Section: Slj Test For the Joints Of Dissimilar Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Modification for Enhanced Lap Shear Strength of the Epoxy-Bonded Joints Consisting of Metallic Adherents and Similar/Dissimilar Materials

Zhang¹,

Hasegawa

Kamo

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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Epoxy adhesives play an important role in manufacturing various components and products in industrial and daily applications. By modifying the surface of adherents with poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA), the lap shear strengths of the epoxy adhesive-bonded joints were significantly improved. However, the influence of the thickness of the PGMA layer on the reinforcement of lap shear strength remains unclear. Hence, in this study, the PGMA-grafted metallic adherents, e.g., pure aluminum (Al) or stainless steel (SUS), are derived from phosphonic acid/metal surface interaction and amine−epoxy addition reactions, achieving PGMA-modified samples with a similar grafting density and different thickness of polymeric layer. A single-lap shear test on the joints using similar materials (SUS/ SUS and Al/Al) demonstrated that the ultimate lap shear strength of the joints using an adherent with the PGMA-based polymeric layer is almost twice stronger than that of the bare adherents when the epoxy resin was utilized as an adhesive. Moreover, the thickness of the PGMA layer exhibits a negative influence on this reinforcement. Meanwhile, the carbon-fiber-reinforced polyetheretherketone (CFR-PEEK) adherents with polymer brushes were surface-initiated photopolymerization of GMA. And the lap shear strength of the joints using dissimilar materials (Al/CFR-PEEK) was significantly enhanced by the surface modification of both metal and CFR-PEEK surface with PGMA.

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“…With the advantages of high in-vivo stability and biocompatibility, radiolucency, and favorable mechanical properties, PEEK has been used for trauma and orthopedic, dental, and spinal implants for the last decade and many of them has been commercialized [ 29 , 30 , 31 ]. Moreover, PEEK biomaterials can exhibit an elastic modulus ranging between 3 and 4 GPa, the modulus can be tailored to closely match femur cortical bone (1–30 GPa) through various processes [ 32 ] or even titanium alloy (110 GPa) by preparing carbon-fiber-reinforced (CFR) composites with certain fiber length and orientation [ 33 ]. This unique feature makes PEEK a promising low–stiffness biomaterial for orthopedic implants which in turn reduces stress shielding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress Shielding and Bone Resorption of Press-Fit Polyether–Ether–Ketone (PEEK) Hip Prosthesis: A Sawbone Model Study

et al. 2022

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Stress shielding secondary to bone resorption is one of the main causes of aseptic loosening, which limits the lifespan of the hip prostheses and increases the rates of revision surgery. This study proposes a low stiffness polyether–ether–ketone (PEEK) hip prostheses, produced by fused deposition modelling to minimize the stress difference after the hip replacement. The stress shielding effect and the potential bone resorption of the PEEK implant was investigated through both experimental tests and FE simulation. A generic Ti6Al4V implant was incorporated in this study to allow fair comparison as control group. Attributed to the low stiffness, the proposed PEEK implant showed a more natural stress distribution, less stress shielding (by 104%), and loss in bone mass (by 72%) compared with the Ti6Al4V implant. The stiffness of the Ti6Al4V and the PEEK implant were measured through compression tests to be 2.76 kN/mm and 0.276 kN/mm. The factor of safety for the PEEK implant in both static and dynamic loading scenarios were obtained through simulation. Most of the regions in the PEEK implant were tested to be safe (FoS larger than 1) in terms of representing daily activities (2300 N), while the medial neck and distal restriction point of the implant attracts large von Mises stress 82 MPa and 76 MPa, respectively, and, thus, may possibly fail during intensive activities by yield and fatigue. Overall, considering the reduction in stress shielding and bone resorption in cortical bone, PEEK could be a promising material for the patient–specific femoral implants.

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Carbon fibre reinforced PEEK versus traditional metallic implants for orthopaedic trauma surgery: A systematic review

Cited by 18 publications

References 30 publications

High Performance Polymer Composites: A Role of Transfer Films in Ensuring Tribological Properties—A Review

High Performance Polymer Composites: A Role of Transfer Films in Ensuring Tribological Properties—A Review

Surface Modification for Enhanced Lap Shear Strength of the Epoxy-Bonded Joints Consisting of Metallic Adherents and Similar/Dissimilar Materials

Stress Shielding and Bone Resorption of Press-Fit Polyether–Ether–Ketone (PEEK) Hip Prosthesis: A Sawbone Model Study

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