Carcinoembryonic antigen serumlevels in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix: Clinical significance

Abstract

In 114 patients with invasive cervical cancer of the squamous cell type pretreatment CEA levels were determined. An individual upper limit of the normal range was derived taking into account the smoking habits and the age of each patient. Pretreatment CEA levels exceeding the upper limit of normal concurred with a very poor prognosis, regardless of the stage of the tumor. Moreover, in 92 patients longitudinal CEA patterns were established. The median follow-up time of the nonrecurrence patients was four years. Three patients appeared to be exclusively associated with the presence of recurrent cancer. The median lead-time obtained in patients demonstrating such patterns, was 13 weeks. The clinical value and the possible therapeutic consequences of the findings presented are discussed in relation to the available knowledge of tumor growth in cervical cancer.

Immunohistochemical Localization of Carcinoembryonic Antigen(CEA) in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Uterine Cervix: Prognostic Significance of Localization Pattern of CEA.

“…Recurrence of the disease seems to occur more frequently among the patients having higher blood CEA levels (Kjorstad and c~rjasaester 1982). When preoperative serum CEA level is high, prognosis is reported to be very poor (te Velde et al 1982). It is also reported that whether tissue CEA is positive or negative will not affect prognosis (Lindgren et al 1979).…”

“…It was first described to be specific to colonic carcinoma, but later demonstrated in the sera of patients with various other malignancies. In case of carcinoma of the uterine cervix, CEA was found not only in the sera from patients (van Nagell et al 1978;Fritsche et al 1982; Kjorstad and Qrjasaester 1982;to Velde et al 1982) but also in tumor tissues (Lindgren et al 1979;van Nagell et al 1982;Bychkov et al 1983;McDicken and Rainey 1983).…”

Prognostic significance of pretreatment variables in patients with invasive cervical cancer

“…The limits of radicality for local treatment (i.e. treatment solely applied to the pelvis) have probably been reached, both for surgery and radiotherapy [ 11,12,24,251. A major proportion of failures concern patients who have disseminated disease, whether or not in combination with a loco-regional recurrence [26].…”

“…All tumors were histologically proven squamous carcinomas varying from non-differentiated to welldifferentiated types. The methods ofclinical staging, the modes of therapy, the follow-up schedule and the establishment and site of recurrence have been described previously [ 11,121. The number of recurrences and non-recurrences for the various tumor stages are shown in Table 1.…”

Candidate biomarkers for cervical cancer treatment: Potential for clinical practice (Review)

“…Thus, CEA is an important tumor marker for predicting recurrence (Table III). te Velde et al (73) found a median time to recurrence in CEA-positive patients of ~13 weeks.…”