Cardamine amara L. (Brassicaceae) in dynamic habitats: Genetic composition and diversity of seed bank and established populations

Koch, Marcus A.; Huthmann, Marion; Bernhardt, Karl‐Georg

doi:10.1078/1439-1791-00165

Cited by 31 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…As seed banks provide a genetic reservoir for changing environmental conditions, subsequent recruitment can strongly influence population structure and genotypic diversity, especially for clonal plants (Eriksson 1989, Morris et al 2002, Koch et al 2003, Barrett et al 2005, Reusch et al 2005, Reusch 2006, Reusch & Hughes 2006, After the near total loss of subtidal eelgrass Zostera marina meadows to a wasting disease in the early 1930s, dwarf eelgrass Z. noltii has emerged as the primary seagrass species inhabiting the Wadden Sea, particularly in the northern regions (Reise & Kohlus 2008). Dwarf eelgrass is usually confined to the upper intertidal zone of sheltered sandy and/or muddy European coastlines, but sometimes it is found in the shallow subtidal zone (den Hartog 1970).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for persistent seed banks in dwarf eelgrass Zostera noltii in the German Wadden Sea

Zipperle¹,

Coyer²,

Reise³

et al. 2009

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The intertidal dwarf eelgrass Zostera noltii is a dominant species in the Dutch and German Wadden Sea. Although numerous studies of its reproductive ecology have been conducted, few have examined the importance of seeds and seed banks for meadow maintenance. We investigated the contribution of a seed bank (size, genetic potential and persistence) to annual recruitment of dwarf eelgrass in the German Wadden Sea using temporal sampling of seeds from the sediment and genetic assignment tests of seedlings to populations of adult shoots from previous years. Annual sediment seed density (SD) was 487.5 m -2 (269.4) and 367.3 m -2 (95.5) in 2004 and 2005, respectively, and distribution of seeds in the sediment was highly aggregated. The proportion of over-wintering seeds that germinated under laboratory conditions was 16 to 25%, and field-germination revealed a 12% survival to the seedling stage. Nearly 20% of all shoots present in May 2004 were seedlings. Using 9 microsatellite loci, seedlings sampled in 2004, 2005 and 2006 were compared with adults sampled in 2002, 2003 and 2004; results revealed that 7 to 33% of seedlings could be assigned to the local adult population in current or previous years. Although new recruitment plays an important role in the maintenance of these meadows, considerable new recruitment comes from within the meadow itself. Seeds are viable for at least 3 yr, thereby forming a relatively short-term, but persistent, seed bank. KEY WORDS: Seed bank · Seagrass · Persistence · Germination · Zostera noltii · German Wadden Sea Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherMar Ecol Prog Ser 380: [73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80] 2009 1930s, dwarf eelgrass Z. noltii has emerged as the primary seagrass species inhabiting the Wadden Sea, particularly in the northern regions (Reise & Kohlus 2008). Dwarf eelgrass is usually confined to the upper intertidal zone of sheltered sandy and/or muddy European coastlines, but sometimes it is found in the shallow subtidal zone (den Hartog 1970).Like most seagrasses, Zostera noltii propagates vegetatively by rhizomatous growth and sexually through seeds. It is a protogynous hermaphrodite, with 4 to 6 female and 4 to 6 male flowers grouped in a single floral unit (spathe). Within a single spathe, flowers mature first to avoid self-fertilization, although asynchronous maturation of several spathes from the same genet (sensu Harper 1977) may result in self-fertilization (geitonogamous selfing) (Reusch 2001). Fertilization relies on sub-aquatic pollen transport to receptive stigmas. Mature seeds are negatively buoyant and drop to the sediment surface after release. While some seeds enter the sediment, the vast majority are dispersed away, either as bare seeds or in the spathes of floating leaf wrack (Loques et al. 1988). Nevertheless, seeds that are buried may or may not provide a seed bank and, likewise, seeds that are transported may or may not be lost.Several studies have directly examined the reproductive ecology of Zoste...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for persistent seed banks in dwarf eelgrass Zostera noltii in the German Wadden Sea

Zipperle¹,

Coyer²,

Reise³

et al. 2009

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…Often valuable and sufficient information is available about the intrinsic factors such as the breeding system of the species under study, and, consequently, deviations from expectations of the distribution of genetic diversity to variation in habitat, environment and/or its various components can be attributed (e.g. Koch et al 2003;Porlier et al 2009). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The level and pattern of genetic diversity in a species also reveals information about past population history, and may show characteristic patterns of distribution of genetic variation reflecting characteristics of the habitat itself (Koch et al 2003). Consequently, an assessment of genetic diversity of species and populations comparing different regions could provide not only primary information about genetic diversity such as bottle necks, inbreeding, gene flow or migration, but it can also help to obtain information about the individual habitat characteristics themselves.…”

Section: Genetic Data and Landscape Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Linear landscape elements in an Austrian viticultural landscape have limited effects on spatial patterns of plant genetic diversity

Koch¹,

Barman²,

Greimler³

et al. 2011

Plant Ecology & Diversity

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Background:The Wachau region along the river Danube in eastern Austria represents one of central Europe's hotspots of plant and animal species diversity. One of the typical landscape elements is vineyards, mostly established as linear elements on terraces along the slopes, with a characteristic and species-rich flora and fauna on terrace slopes lying between the cultivated terraces. Aims: We addressed the question of how the genetic variation of four plant species of open grassland vegetation types is distributed. We asked if levels and distribution of genetic diversity of the plant species Aster amellus, Gentianella aspera, Pulsatilla grandis, and Stachys recta were correlated with geographic distances along the terrace slopes. Methods:The dominant inherited molecular marker system random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD ) was used to estimate and compare the distribution of genetic diversity of the four selected species. Results: We found only low levels of correlation of the distribution of genetic variation with linear geographic patterns and obtained indirect evidence for high levels of gene flow between adjacent terrace slopes. Conclusions: We found that genetic diversity parameters of the four target species did not mirror the pattern of linear landscape elements, indicating that gene flow acts efficiently against the linear distribution of genetic variation.

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“…They argued that selection favoring survival of relatively heterozygous seedlings (via inbreeding depression or overdominance) was the most likely mechanism generating the increase in heterozygosity from Plantago seedlings to adults. Similarly, Vitalis et al (2004) mentioned three mechanisms that have been proposed by most authors to explain the often observed larger homozygosity in the seed bank (Alvarez-Buylla et al, 1996;Cabin, 1996;Cabin et al, 1998;Koch et al, 2003;Mahy et al, 1999;McCue and Holtsford, 1998;Morris et al, 2002;Tonsor et al, 1993). Firstly, we may assume higher inbreeding in the past year that may be responsible for the higher number of homozygous individuals stored in the seed bank.…”

Section: Article In Pressmentioning

confidence: 94%

How does population genetic diversity change over time? An experimental seed bank study of Atriplex tatarica (Chenopodiaceae)

Mandák

Plačková

2009

Flora - Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants

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Cardamine amara L. (Brassicaceae) in dynamic habitats: Genetic composition and diversity of seed bank and established populations

Cited by 31 publications

References 23 publications

Evidence for persistent seed banks in dwarf eelgrass Zostera noltii in the German Wadden Sea

Evidence for persistent seed banks in dwarf eelgrass Zostera noltii in the German Wadden Sea

Linear landscape elements in an Austrian viticultural landscape have limited effects on spatial patterns of plant genetic diversity

How does population genetic diversity change over time? An experimental seed bank study of Atriplex tatarica (Chenopodiaceae)

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