Cardiac Behavior and Heart Rate Variability in Elderly Hypertensive Individuals during Aerobic Exercise: A Non-Randomized Controlled Study

Abstract

Background: High blood pressure is an important public health problem due to its high prevalence, the difficulty to control it, and its high contribution to morbidity. A series of changes may be linked to the aging process, compromising cardiac conduction, and reducing cardiovascular baroreceptor function. Advancing age promotes a decline in heart rate variability and this decrease can increase the probability of cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to analyze the autonomic modulation of heart rate in hypertensive elderly individuals during and after a session of aerobic exercise, and to compare it with elderly individuals without cardiovascular or metabolic disease. Our study was a non-randomized controlled study with hypertensive elderly (HBP group) and elderly without cardiovascular and/or metabolic diseases (control group). Data on blood pressure and heart rate variability (HRV) were collected before, during, and after 30 min of aerobic physical exercise on a treadmill. There was a reduction in HF (ms2) and SD1 (ms) in the 5 min of recovery for the elderly in the control group. The elderly in the control group also had greater RMSSD and SD1 30 min post-exercise when compared to the initial mins of recovery. We concluded that there was no difference in autonomic modulation and global heart rate variability between elderly individuals without cardiovascular and metabolic diseases and hypertensive individuals after a bout of aerobic exercise. Elderly individuals without metabolic diseases showed a decrease in parasympathetic modulation and global variability between the time of rest and 5 min of recovery. However, up to 30 min of post-exercise recovery, they restored parasympathetic activity.

Comparison of Heart Rate Variability in Thai Older Adults with Hypertension, Pre-Hypertension, and Normotension

“…Sympathetic nerve endings release noradrenalin, which heightens peripheral vascular resistance, heart rate, and cardiac output [6]. Moreover, the ANS interacts with the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, leading to activation that exerts a vasopressor efect, increasing BP by activating the sympathetic nervous system, inhibiting the parasympathetic nervous system, and decreasing barorefex sensitivity [7,8]. Impairments in the ANS have been associated with dysfunctional and structural alterations in target organs, increasing the development of various cardiovascular events [6,7,[9][10][11][12][13].…”