Cardiac Mechanical Signals

Casanella, Ramon; Khosrow-Khavar, Farzad; Schmidt, Samuel; Zanetti, John; Tavakolian, Kouhyar

doi:10.1007/978-981-10-5092-3_3

Cited by 5 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Local pulses have two categories: audible signals (phonocardiograms) and infrasound. The phonocardiogram (PCG) has a long history since its discovery in 1908 and is a signal which can be recorded during the cardiac auscultation, one of the most common medical procedures [ 22 ]. Gyrocardiography is defined in [ 22 ] as a local pulses signal, obtained by placing a gyroscope in the place of an accelerometer in seismocardiography [ 8 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first studies on the feasibility of heart monitoring using wearable devices were performed using accelerometer and gyroscope sensors built in Google glasses, wrist worn devices, smart phones, and chest worn patches [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ]. New microelectronics and signal processing technologies have provided unprecedented opportunities to reintroduce some of cardiac vibration registration techniques as useful tools in the diagnosis of cardiovascular system [ 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cardiac vibrations signals have been investigated over the past century to determine their relationship to the cardiac cycle and find the potential use in non-invasive cardiology [ 22 ]. The non-invasive methods of cardiac mechanical monitoring known under the umbrella term “mechanocardiography” (MCG) are ballistocardiography (BCG), seismocardiography (SCG) and gyrocardiography (GCG) [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the BCG, SCG, and GCG register the mechanical activity of the cardiovascular system in the cardiac cycle, these techniques represent different aspects of such analysis. Ballistocardiography measures the recoil forces of the whole body in response to the cardiac activity [ 22 , 24 ], whereas the SCG and GCG measure local vibrations of the chest in response to the cardiac cycle [ 8 , 22 , 25 ]; seismocardiogram (SCG signal) represents the linear component of precordial vibrations [ 27 ] and gyrocardiogram (GCG signal) represents the rotational component of precordial vibrations [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gyrocardiography: A Review of the Definition, History, Waveform Description, and Applications

Sieciński

Kostka

Tkacz

2020

Sensors

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Gyrocardiography (GCG) is a non-invasive technique of analyzing cardiac vibrations by a MEMS (microelectromechanical system) gyroscope placed on a chest wall. Although its history is short in comparison with seismocardiography (SCG) and electrocardiography (ECG), GCG becomes a technique which may provide additional insight into the mechanical aspects of the cardiac cycle. In this review, we describe the summary of the history, definition, measurements, waveform description and applications of gyrocardiography. The review was conducted on about 55 works analyzed between November 2016 and September 2020. The aim of this literature review was to summarize the current state of knowledge in gyrocardiography, especially the definition, waveform description, the physiological and physical sources of the signal and its applications. Based on the analyzed works, we present the definition of GCG as a technique for registration and analysis of rotational component of local cardiac vibrations, waveform annotation, several applications of the gyrocardiography, including, heart rate estimation, heart rate variability analysis, hemodynamics analysis, and classification of various cardiac diseases.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gyrocardiography: A Review of the Definition, History, Waveform Description, and Applications

Sieciński

Kostka

Tkacz

2020

Sensors

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“…Alternatively, phonocardiography offers a reliable, portable method to detect the acoustic waves produced by heartbeats [19] albeit with limited information due to the fact that primary heart sounds are an indirect consequence of valve operation. Cardiac mechanics generate predominantly compression waves that diffuse through the chest [20]. These cardiac-induced vibrations produce accelerations of the sternum that can be detected as a seismocardiography (SCG) [18] signal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-Time Cardiac Beat Detection and Heart Rate Monitoring from Combined Seismocardiography and Gyrocardiography

D’Mello

Skoric

et al. 2019

Sensors

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Cardiography is an indispensable element of health care. However, the accessibility of at-home cardiac monitoring is limited by device complexity, accuracy, and cost. We have developed a real-time algorithm for heart rate monitoring and beat detection implemented in a custom-built, affordable system. These measurements were processed from seismocardiography (SCG) and gyrocardiography (GCG) signals recorded at the sternum, with concurrent electrocardiography (ECG) used as a reference. Our system demonstrated the feasibility of non-invasive electro-mechanical cardiac monitoring on supine, stationary subjects at a cost of $100, and with the SCG–GCG and ECG algorithms decoupled as standalone measurements. Testing was performed on 25 subjects in the supine position when relaxed, and when recovering from physical exercise, to record 23,984 cardiac cycles at heart rates in the range of 36–140 bpm. The correlation between the two measurements had r2 coefficients of 0.9783 and 0.9982 for normal (averaged) and instantaneous (beat identification) heart rates, respectively. At a sampling frequency of 250 Hz, the average computational time required was 0.088 s per measurement cycle, indicating the maximum refresh rate. A combined SCG and GCG measurement was found to improve accuracy due to fundamentally different noise rejection criteria in the mutually orthogonal signals. The speed, accuracy, and simplicity of our system validated its potential as a real-time, non-invasive, and affordable solution for outpatient cardiac monitoring in situations with negligible motion artifact.

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Generating Synthetic Mechanocardiograms for Machine Learning-Based Peak Detection

Sandelin,

Elnaggar,

Lahdenoja

et al. 2024

IEEE Sens. Lett.

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Cardiac Mechanical Signals

Cited by 5 publications

References 62 publications

Gyrocardiography: A Review of the Definition, History, Waveform Description, and Applications

Gyrocardiography: A Review of the Definition, History, Waveform Description, and Applications

Real-Time Cardiac Beat Detection and Heart Rate Monitoring from Combined Seismocardiography and Gyrocardiography

Generating Synthetic Mechanocardiograms for Machine Learning-Based Peak Detection

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