Cardiovascular diseases risk factors among adult diabetic patients in eastern Ethiopia

Abstract

Objective The aim of this study was to determine the magnitude of cardiovascular disease risk factors among adult diabetic patients at Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital and Jugal Hospital, eastern Ethiopia. Methods An institutional based cross sectional study was conducted on a total of 416 study participants (age ≥18 years) from February to March 2017. Data were collected using: structured questionnaires, measurements of weight, height, and blood pressure, and laboratory examination of blood lipids (total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) and fasting blood glucose. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16.0 software packages. The association of cardiovascular disease risk factors with diabetes type, age, and sex was assessed by chi-square test. Result The mean age of study participants was 52 years and 44% were male. Dyslipidemia (90.6%), physical inactivity (76%), and hypertension (62.7%) were the most common cardiovascular disease risks factors identified among diabetic patients. It was also observed that 68.5% of the study participants had uncontrolled blood glucose level. Hypertension was significant in patients over 65 compared to those ≤65 years of age (p < 0.023). Females were considered to be significantly physically inactive compared to males (p < 0.001). Conclusion Dyslipidemia is the most common risk factor of CVD in individuals with Types 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus. Identification and treatment of lipid abnormalities is very important. Controlling hypertension among older patients and lifestyle modification among female diabetic patients are also recommended.

Determinants of Selected Cardiovascular Diseases among Adult Patients at Cardiac Clinic of Debre Berhan Referral Hospital, Ethiopia: Unmatched Case-Control Study

“…This study revealed that age is the most important risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases. Several studies conducted in Ethiopian, and 13 SSA countries and India showed that there is strong relationship between age and cardiovascular diseases [7,21,27,29]. However, this study is inconsistent with the finding from India with the same study design [26].…”

<p>Dyslipidemia and Its Associated Risk Factors Among Adult Type-2 Diabetic Patients at Jimma University Medical Center, Jimma, Southwest Ethiopia</p>

“…Dyslipidemia is one of the major modifiable risk factors for CVD in a T2DM patient, which was the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in these patients. 6 Without timely and effective control, the rate of dyslipidemia will continue to rise, leading to a heavy burden of CVD. Therefore, it is important to identify the potential associated factors of dyslipidemia, to manage this condition and reduce the burden of CVD.…”

“…5 A study conducted in Ethiopia found that dyslipidemia, physical inactivity, and hypertension were the most common cardiovascular disease risk factors among diabetic patients. 6 In T2DM patients the most common pattern of dyslipidemia was hypertriglyceridemia, reduced HDL cholesterol levels, and an increased concentration of LDL particles. [7][8][9] Dyslipidemia is involved in T2DM due to insulin resistance and increased free fatty acid flux secondary to insulin resistance.…”

“…[14][15][16] The studies reported, 88.9%, 90%, and 86.1% of the burden of dyslipidemia in Thailand, 17 Jordan, 18 and Kenya, 16 respectively. Dyslipidemia is prevalent among diabetic patients in different parts of Ethiopia, studies indicated 90.6% in eastern Ethiopia, 6 65.6% in Durame, 19 63.5% in Jimma, 20 11.9% in Mekelle. 21 The major risk factors for dyslipidemia were hypertension, high body mass index, aging, high FBS, physical inactivates, and longer duration of diabetes mellitus.…”

“…5 A study conducted in Ethiopia found that dyslipidemia, physical inactivity, and hypertension were the most common cardiovascular disease risk factors among diabetic patients. 6 …”