Cardiovascular risk factors in people deprived of their liberty: an integrative review

Silva, Gabrielle Pessôa da; Morais, Sheila Coelho Ramalho Vasconcelos; Frazão, Cecília Maria Farias de Queiroz; Lopes, Camila Takáo; Mangueira, Suzana de Oliveira; Linhares, Francisca Márcia Pereira

doi:10.1590/1983-1447.2020.20190357

Cited by 11 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The exposure to many cardiovascular risk factors related to lifestyle choice is common in the general population and often continued or increased during imprisonment. In addition, in the prison setting, cardiovascular risk factors tend to be enhanced due to an unhealthy environment and poor health conditions (Silva et al., 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, female prisons have less recreational, physical, and work programs compared with male prisons, which impact on women's mental and physical health (Gates & Bradford, 2015; Lagarrigue, Ajana, Capuron, Feâart, & Moisan, 2017). Therefore, incarcerated women are more affected than men by some cardiovascular risk factors due to a more sedentary lifestyle in the prison environment (Silva et al., 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk for impaired cardiovascular function nursing diagnosis: Content analysis to evaluate women in jail

Silva

Lopes

Perrelli

et al. 2020

Int J of Nursing Knowl

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Objective:To analyze the content of the diagnostic proposal, risk for impaired cardiovascular function, focusing on incarcerated women.Methods: A methodological study of nursing diagnosis content validation carried out from December/2018 to June/2019. A sample of 24 judges evaluated the proposed definition and the relevance of the proposed etiological factors of risk for impaired cardiovascular function. To determine the content validity of the etiological factors, the Content Validity Index was calculated and a value of 0.9 was adopted, in addition to the Wilcoxon test. Results:The diagnostic definition was considered consistent with the diagnostic label. All 18 etiological factors were validated with a Content Validity Index statistically >0.9 and categorized into risk factors, associated conditions, and at-risk populations. Conclusion:The definition and 18 etiological factors of risk for impaired cardiovascular function were validated. Implications for the nursing practice:The study allowed the new proposal for the risk for impaired cardiovascular function nursing diagnosis to be accepted to return to the taxonomy of NANDA International with an expanded and more consistent structure. The return of the referred nursing diagnosis to the taxonomy favors the nurse's diagnostic reasoning and the documentation of all nursing actions, linked to this diagnosis, which are aimed at minimizing cardiovascular risk.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk for impaired cardiovascular function nursing diagnosis: Content analysis to evaluate women in jail

Silva

Lopes

Perrelli

et al. 2020

Int J of Nursing Knowl

Self Cite

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“…Higher levels of mental ill health have been found in prison populations compared to age, gender and education matched community samples with more than threefold increases in all forms of depression and anxiety [1][2][3]. The high prevalence of depression and anxiety disorders in prisoners may be related to the characteristics of prisoners such as poorer cardiovascular and other physical health, alcohol and drug misuse, guilt, poor family support and experience of trauma and violence in childhood and adulthood [4][5][6]. The prison environment may also play a role in increasing depression and anxiety including lack of personal space, privacy, poor interpersonal relationships, social support, occupational roles and opportunities for exercise, occurrence of violence and coercion between prisoners, and lack of mental health access [3,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening male prisoners for depression and anxiety with the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 at NHS Healthcheck: patterns of symptoms and caseness threshold

et al. 2021

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Background Screening for depression and anxiety disorders has been proposed in prison populations but little is known about caseness thresholds on commonly used self-report measures in relation to core symptoms, risk factors and symptom patterns. Method A cross-sectional prevalence survey measured depression and anxiety caseness (threshold scores > 10 and > 15 on PHQ-9 and GAD-7 and diagnostic algorithm on PHQ-9) in 1205 male prisoners aged 35–74 years eligible for an NHS Healthcheck from six English prisons. Caseness scores were compared with the presence or absence of daily core symptoms of depression and generalised anxiety disorder (GAD), demographic, prison and cardiovascular risk factors. Cluster analysis was applied to PHQ-9 and GAD-7 items in prisoners scoring > 10 on PHQ-9. Results 453(37.6%) and 249(20.7%) prisoners scored > 10 and > 15 respectively on PHQ-9; 216 (17.9%) had a depressive episode on the PHQ-9 algorithm; 378(31.4%) and 217(18.0%) scored > 10 and > 15 on GAD-7 respectively. Daily core items for depression were scored in 232(56.2%) and 139(74.3%) prisoners reaching > 10 and > 15 respectively on PHQ-9; daily core anxiety items in 282(74.9%) and 179(96.3%) reaching > 10 and > 15 on GAD-7. Young age, prison and previous high alcohol intake were associated with > 15 on the PHQ-9. Cluster analysis showed a cluster with core symptoms of depression, slowness, restlessness, suicidality, poor concentration, irritability or fear. Altered appetite, poor sleep, lack of energy, guilt or worthlessness belonged to other clusters and may not be indicative of depression. Conclusions In male prisoners > 35 years, a score of > 10 on the PHQ-9 over diagnoses depressive episodes but a score of > 10 on the GAD-7 may detect cases of GAD more efficiently. Further research utilising standardised psychiatric interviews is required to determine whether the diagnostic algorithm, a higher cut-off on the PHQ-9 or the profile of symptoms on the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 used singly or in combination may be used to screen depressive episodes efficiently in prisoners.

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“…In addition, recent research has shown that people living in prison in Western countries tend to develop mental illnesses and reduced psychological well-being, diseases in which physical activity has proven to have beneficial effects [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluations of Muscular Strength, Ability to Balance and Health Status in Prisoners during COVID-19

Moffa

Perna

Cattolico

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Recent events in prisons during the COVID-19 pandemic showed how the health situation and overcrowding in prisons are a source of high risk to the health and physical and mental well-being of the prison population and how this has become an important medical problem. The original purpose of this study, which was initially planned to last 6 months, was to examine the effects of a training program on cardio-respiratory capacity, resistance to dynamic strength of the upper and lower body and muscle mass. Following the COVID-19 pandemic, the purpose was subsequently modified by highlighting whether and which deficiencies occurred as a result of the absence of physical activity. Forty adult men between 35 and 55 years of age with more than 1 year of detention were selected and randomly divided into two groups: the experimental group and control group. The fitness training protocol of the experimental group consisted of three weekly sessions lasting 90 min, while control group subjects followed a walk of 30–60 min three days a week without running or resistance training. The unpaired and paired t-tests revealed significant effects of both health status and fitness level (p < 0.05; p < 0.01) on group training. The results of this research show that prisoners can improve their fitness and health through participation in physical education programs. This conclusion is especially important for prisoners who have to serve very long prison sentences and who are at great risk of showing poor physical condition levels.

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Cardiovascular risk factors in people deprived of their liberty: an integrative review

Cited by 11 publications

References 27 publications

Risk for impaired cardiovascular function nursing diagnosis: Content analysis to evaluate women in jail

Risk for impaired cardiovascular function nursing diagnosis: Content analysis to evaluate women in jail

Screening male prisoners for depression and anxiety with the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 at NHS Healthcheck: patterns of symptoms and caseness threshold

Evaluations of Muscular Strength, Ability to Balance and Health Status in Prisoners during COVID-19

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