Caribbean Sea eddies inferred from TOPEX/POSEIDON altimetry and a 1/6° Atlantic Ocean model simulation

Carton, James A.; Chao, Yi

doi:10.1029/1998jc900081

Cited by 80 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Our approach is a practical choice in an attempt to separate processes that are resolved from those that are not sampled by monthly mean observations. This procedure inevitably aliases a portion of eddy contribution into the mean currents because Caribbean eddies are quite regular and appear at near 3 month intervals west of the Lesser Antilles [Carton and Chao, 1999]. HDIF varies on small spatial scales in the open ocean and its contribution to the spatial mean over a fixed geographic area is normally negligible.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These western boundary currents contribute to a surface branch of the northward flowing meridional overturning circulation that transports South Atlantic water into the Gulf Stream. As is true almost anywhere in western boundary current systems, the Caribbean Sea is strongly affected by energetic eddies [Carton and Chao, 1999;Jouanno et al, 2009].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interannual Caribbean salinity in satellite data and model simulations

et al. 2015

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Aquarius sea surface salinity (SSS) reveals the presence of interannual variations in the Caribbean with about 0.5 psu change between salty and fresh events, which propagate westward across that basin at an average speed of 11 cm/s and are preceded by corresponding SSS anomalies east of the Lesser Antilles. These upstream SSS anomalies are produced by interannual changes in the Amazon plume. Their presence is verified using in situ measurements from the northwest tropical Atlantic station. In contrast to SSS, which displays westward propagation, SST changes almost immediately across the Caribbean, suggesting large-scale atmospheric processes have a primary role in regulating interannual SST in contrast to SSS. A global 1/10 mesoscale ocean model is used to quantify possible origination mechanisms of the Caribbean salinity anomalies and their fate. Simulations confirm that they are produced by anomalous horizontal salt advection, which conveys these salinity anomalies from an area east of the Lesser Antilles across the Caribbean. Anomalous horizontal advection is dominated by mean currents acting on anomalous salinity. The model suggests that interannual Caribbean salinity anomalies eventually enter the Florida Current and reach the Gulf Stream 6-12 months after crossing the central Caribbean. Previous studies link the origin of salinity anomalies in the Amazon plume to variations in the annual freshwater discharge from the continent. In this model interannual discharge variations are absent while simulated SSS variability is in line with observations. This suggests that interannually forced ocean dynamics plays a key role in river plume variability and its spatial dispersion.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interannual Caribbean salinity in satellite data and model simulations

et al. 2015

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“…[9] The ocean model component was based on the curvilinear orthogonal horizontal grid and vertical sigma coordinate Princeton Ocean Model described by Blumberg and Mellor [1987]. The modeling system employed in the present work, developed at CIOH, consisted of a threedimensional oceanic circulation model including 18 sigma levels with satellite data assimilation (using a Cressman successive corrections scheme) of sea surface temperature from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) satellites.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Andrade and Barton [2005], the Caribbean low-level wind jet [Vernekar et al, 2003] maintains the strong upwelling close to the coast at the Guajira Peninsula. This coastal upwelling interacts with Caribbean circulation patterns in such a way that it is limited in its northward extent to 13°N by the main Caribbean Current and in its westward extent to about 75°W by the warmer waters of the Panama-Colombia Countercurrent [Carton and Chao, 1999;Oey et al, 2003;Centurioni and Niiler, 2003;Foltz et al, 2004;Richardson, 2005].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric events disrupting coastal upwelling in the southwestern Caribbean

2010

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[1] Year-round coastal upwelling is a prevalent phenomenon in the southwestern Caribbean region, driven by northeast trade winds. This pattern can be disrupted during the boreal winter-to-spring transition by event-scale departures in the pressure systems, characterized by a change in wind direction to northward, with the accompanying relaxation of coastal upwelling. To study these poorly understood events, regional atmospheric and data-assimilative ocean modeling experiments were carried out for the period 4 March to 9 April 2003 and compared to shipboard observations This combined ocean-atmosphere approach allowed us to study the evolution of a 3-day atmospheric disturbance affecting ocean currents and collapsing the upwelling pattern against the Colombian coast along the Guajira Peninsula near 12°N. The southward extension of the coastal upwelling, which normally reaches 10.5°N, was blocked by the warmer and slightly lower salinity waters of the cyclonic Panama-Colombia gyre. Under typical conditions, the ocean model and shipboard observations of temperature and salinity profiles were in good agreement with each other, both at coastal and oceanic stations. The presence of a low-level westward wind jet was manifested in the atmospheric model simulation, confirming that it promotes the Guajira upwelling system; however, the jet vanishes under disturbed atmospheric conditions.

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“…Satelit microwave altimeter ini telah berhasil membuktikan sebagai alat pemantauan global untuk paras laut, perobahan tutupan es, sirkulasi laut, dan meningkatkan pengetahuan dan pemahaman tentang peran laut dalam perubahan iklim. Satelit altimeter juga telah 261 terbukti sangat sukses untuk obervasi pada laut dalam (offshore), domain yang pada awalnya dirancang (Evans et al, 2005;Leben and Powel, 2003;Carton and Chao, 1999;Legresy and Remy, 1997;Leben and Born, 1993). Untuk laut dalam, satelit microwave altimeter modern dapat mengukur paras laut seketika dengan tingkat akurasi sekitar 4,1 cm (Yang et al, 2008).…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Dynamic of Sea Level Anomaly of Indonesian Waters

Nababan

Hadianti

Natih

2015

J. Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis

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A trend in sea level rise as a result of global warming could be a threat to small islands and coastal areas in Indonesia. The objective of this study was to determine the trend and variability of mean sea level anomaly (MSLA) Keywords: mean sea level, anomaly, SOI, DIM, PDO, interannual, ENSO ABSTRAKTrend kenaikan paras laut yang terjadi sebagai akibat pemanasan global dapat menjadi ancaman bagi pulau-pulau kecil dan daerah pesisir di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan laju dan variabilitas anomali paras laut rata-rata (MSLA) di perairan Indonesia selama 20 tahun pengamatan. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data MSLA bulanan yang diperoleh dari AVISO website (ftp://ftp.aviso.oceanobs.com). Data pendukung seperti Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) (http://www.gom.gov.au/climate/enso), Dipole Indian Mode (DIM) index (http://gcmd. nasa.gov/ records/GCMD_Indian_Ocean_Dipole.html), dan Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) index (http:// research.jisao.washington.edu/pdo/). Delapan stasiun pengamatan ditentukan untuk mewakili perairan Indonesia. Secara umum variabilitas MSLA di perairan Indonesia mengikuti pola musiman, berkorelasi positif dengan SOI index, dan berkorelasi negatif dengan DIM dan PDO indeks. Korelasi parsial DIM lebih dominan di perairan barat Sumatra (r=-0,52) dan selatan Jawa (r=-0,44), PDO lebih dominan di perairan utara Papua (r=-0,37) dan Selat Makassar (r=-0,33), dan SOI paling dominan di perairan utara Papua (r=0,52) dan semakin kecil kearah perairan Indonesia bagian barat. Secara keseluruhan, variabilitas MSLA di perairan Indonesia dapat dijelaskan oleh variabilitas SOI, DIM, dan PDO indeks paling rendah di perairan Natuna sebesar 12% (R 2 =0,12) dan paling tinggi di perairan utara Papua sebesar 54% (R 2 =0,54). Varibilitas interannual disebabkan kejadian ENSO (SOI<-10) bersamaan dengan nilai DIM maksimum yang menghasilkan MSLA terendah, dan saat La Nina (SOI>10) bersamaan dengan nilai DIM dan PDO minimum menyebabkan MSLA tertinggi. Laju ratarata kenaikan paras laut di seluruh perairan Indonesia adalah 5,84 mm/thn dan nilai ini hampir dua kali lebih tinggi dari laju rata-rata kenaikan paras laut global (3,2 mm/thn).

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Caribbean Sea eddies inferred from TOPEX/POSEIDON altimetry and a 1/6° Atlantic Ocean model simulation

Cited by 80 publications

References 24 publications

Interannual Caribbean salinity in satellite data and model simulations

Interannual Caribbean salinity in satellite data and model simulations

Atmospheric events disrupting coastal upwelling in the southwestern Caribbean

Dynamic of Sea Level Anomaly of Indonesian Waters

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