Carotenoids

Frank, Sylvia

doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0156-80

Sci Am

1956

DOI: 10.1038/scientificamerican0156-80

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Carotenoids

Sylvia Frank¹

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1957

1959

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“…Keeping this in mind, and also the observations on the development of gh, it is tempting to suppose that, in the reciprocal relationship, the synthesis of chlorophyll might depend upon the presence of certain carotenoids and, furthermore, that the disturbed synthesis of carotenoids in gh is responsible for the chlorophyll deficiency. A more concrete proposal for the role of carotenoids in the biosynthesis of chlorophyll in leaves was made by Frank (1956), based on changes in carotenoid and chlorophyll content induced in dark-grown seedlings by exposure to light. She suggested that the phytol chain of the chlorophyll molecule might be derived from degraded carotenoids instead of the reverse order of synthesis, formerly popular among biochemists.…”

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Genetics and Development of an Unstable Chlorophyll Deficiency in Lycopersicon esculentum

Rick¹,

Thompson²,

Brauer³

1959

American Journal of Botany

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confidence: 99%

Genetics and Development of an Unstable Chlorophyll Deficiency in Lycopersicon esculentum

Rick¹,

Thompson²,

Brauer³

1959

American Journal of Botany

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Genetics and Development of an Unstable Chlorophyll Deficiency in Lycopersicon Esculentum

Rick

Thompson

Brauer

1959

American J of Botany

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Rick, Charles M. (U. California, Davis.), Anson E. Thompson, and Oscar Brauer. Genetics and development of an unstable chlorophyll deficiency in Lycopersicon esculentum. Amer. Jour. Bot. 46(1) : 1‐11. Illus. 1959.—A single gene gh determines a condition of variable chlorophyll deficiency in the tomato. Two independent mutations have been recorded at this locus, and both mutants exhibit the same phenotype. Linkage tests ascertained that the locus of gh lies between hl and j in group V. Graft and inoculation experiments prove that the gh phenotype is not caused by a virus. The mutant seedlings have cotyledons that can be identified by their partial chlorophyll deficiency. First true leaves may rarely have normal morphology and pigmentation; in most seedlings they show a mosaic of normal and chlorotic tissue. With subsequent growth, the plant rapidly reaches a condition of complete chlorophyll deficiency. Two constant levels of deficiency have been observed: a common white phase with very little or no chlorophyll and an infrequent yellow phase with about 5% of the normal chlorophyll content present in irregularly distributed chloroplasts. In both phases leaf lamina structure is drastically modified; petioles, stems, flowers, and fruits are much less affected. Sporadic islands of normal green coloration appear in the otherwise stable white or yellow phase. The degree of chlorophyll development is subject to great environmental modification but no evidence was obtained for genetic control in addition to the determination by gh. Depending upon environment, most gh seedlings perish before fruiting, but those with sufficient chlorophyll flower and set fruits with seeds after self‐or cross‐pollination. Most gh fruits remain white until mature, when the normal yellow epidermal pigment appears, the interior remaining white; occasional streaks or patches of chlorophyll that develop on immature fruits turn reddish at maturity. Seeds from such sectors, like all other seeds harvested from selfed gh plants, give rise only to gh progeny, thereby rendering improbable a mutational basis for the sporadic reversions to green. Applications of gh to further genetic and physiological studies are discussed.

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Carotene in the leaves of the carrot

Booth

1957

J Sci Food Agric

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Leaves of carrot plants of cultivated varieties contained an average of I 19 mg. of total carotene per kg. fresh weight, or 546 mg. per kg. dry weight. The concentration of total carotene bused on uvevuges of many batches was approximately constant through the season so long its the leaves remained healthy in appearance, and except for small seedlings, was independent of the age of the plant. The average concentration was the same during three successive years.There was, however, a variation between individual batches from different varieties, seasons and growing conditions. A measure of this overall variation is given by the standard deviation, 19 mg. per kg. fresh weight. Part of this variation was due t o experimental error of the analytical method, and part t o sampling. Beyond these there was a residual variation between different batches which has not been explained.The concentration of leaf total carotene was independent of variety among cultivated types of carrot. There was no correlation between carotene concentrations in leaf and in root althhough the latter varied several hundredfold in different varieties, which included deep red, orange and white types.In these respects leaves contrasted with roots.

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Carotenoids

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Genetics and Development of an Unstable Chlorophyll Deficiency in Lycopersicon esculentum

Genetics and Development of an Unstable Chlorophyll Deficiency in Lycopersicon esculentum

Genetics and Development of an Unstable Chlorophyll Deficiency in Lycopersicon Esculentum

Carotene in the leaves of the carrot

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