Carry-over fluency induced by extreme prolongations: A new behavioral paradigm

Briley, Patrick M.; Barnes, Micki; Kalinowski, Joseph

doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2016.02.013

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 34 publications

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“…Prolongation is one of the stuttering-like disfluencies described as the main clinical manifestation of the disorder [3][4][5]9,[17][18][19]29,30 . However, fluent people can also show prolongations in the speech flow, especially at the end of words 20,21 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prolongamentos na fala de adultos com e sem gagueira

et al. 2016

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Purpose: to carry out a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the prolongations of adults who stutter and who not stutter. Methods: participants were divided into two groups: Research Group (RG, 15 adults who stutter) and Control Group (GC, 15 fluent adults). Procedures were: fluency assessment, Stuttering Severity Instrument and quantitative and qualitative analyzes of the prolongations.Results: there was a greater number of non hesitative prolongations in RG, whereas CG showed more hesitative prolongations in relation to the total of disfluencies. Non hesitative prolongations occurred more frequently in the initial and monosyllabic words, and in the medial position of the sentence in RG.Regarding the muscular tension and duration, a difference was observed for the muscular tension in the non hesitative prolongations, with higher mean value for RG. Conclusion: non hesitative prolongations occurred more frequently in RG, in initial words, monosyllables, and medial position of the sentence. Qualitatively, the muscular tension was a typical characteristic of non hesitative prolongations in RG. No differences were found for hesitative prolongations between the groups in relation to the frequency of the total of speech, the position of prolongations in the words and in the sentences, and for the qualitative characteristics, regarding to muscular tension and duration. Keywords: Speech Language and Hearing Sciences; Speech; Stuttering; Speech Disorders; Evaluation; Adult RESUMO Objetivo: realizar uma análise quantitativa e qualitativa dos prolongamentos de adultos com e sem gagueira. Métodos: os participantes foram divididos em: Grupo de Pesquisa (GP, 15 adultos com gagueira) e Grupo Controle (GC, 15 fluentes). Os procedimentos utilizados foram: avaliação da fluência, Instrumento de Gravidade da Gagueira e análises quantitativa e qualitativa dos prolongamentos. Resultados: GP mostrou maior número de prolongamentos não hesitativos, enquanto que GC mostrou maior ocorrência de prolongamentos hesitativos em relação ao total das disfluências. Prolongamentos não hesitativos ocorreram com maior frequência na palavra inicial e monossilábica, bem como na posição medial da frase para GP. Em relação à tensão muscular e duração, observou-se diferença apenas para a tensão muscular nos prolongamentos não hesitativos com maior média de ocorrência para GP. Conclusão: os prolongamentos não hesitativos ocorreram com maior frequência no GP, nas palavras iniciais, monossílabos e na posição medial da frase. Qualitativamente a tensão muscular foi uma característica típica dos prolongamentos não hesitativos no GP. Com relação aos prolongamentos hesitativos houve semelhança entre os adultos dos dois grupos quanto à frequência em relação ao total da fala, a posição dos prolongamentos nas palavras e nas frases e nos aspectos qualitativos, relacionados a tensão muscular e duração.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prolongamentos na fala de adultos com e sem gagueira

et al. 2016

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General vulnerability to stuttering: The experience of stuttering and conditions bringing about invulnerability

Briley

Kalinowski

2016

Medical Hypotheses

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Two cortical representations of voice control are differentially involved in speech fluency

Neef

Primaßin

Gudenberg

et al. 2021

Brain Communications

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Recent studies have identified two distinct cortical representations of voice control in humans, the ventral and the dorsal laryngeal motor cortex. Strikingly, while persistent developmental stuttering has been linked to a white matter deficit in the ventral laryngeal motor cortex, intensive fluency shaping intervention modulated the functional connectivity of the dorsal laryngeal motor cortical network. Currently, it is unknown whether the underlying structural network organization of these two laryngeal representations is distinct or differently shaped by stuttering intervention. Using probabilistic diffusion tractography in 22 individuals who stutter and participated in a fluency shaping intervention, in 18 individuals who stutter and did not participate in the intervention, and in 28 control participants, we here compare structural networks of the dorsal laryngeal motor cortex and the ventral laryngeal motor cortex and test intervention-related white matter changes. We show (i) that all participants have weaker ventral laryngeal motor cortex connections compared to the dorsal laryngeal motor cortex network, regardless of speech fluency, (ii) connections of the ventral laryngeal motor cortex were stronger in fluent speakers, (iii) the connectivity profile of the ventral laryngeal motor cortex predicted stuttering severity, (iv) but the ventral laryngeal motor cortex network is resistant to a fluency shaping intervention. Our findings substantiate a weaker structural organization of the ventral laryngeal motor cortical network in developmental stuttering and imply that assisted recovery supports neural compensation rather than normalization. Moreover, the resulting dissociation provides evidence for functionally segregated roles of the ventral laryngeal motor cortical and dorsal laryngeal motor cortical networks.

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Carry-over fluency induced by extreme prolongations: A new behavioral paradigm

Cited by 4 publications

References 34 publications

Prolongamentos na fala de adultos com e sem gagueira

Prolongamentos na fala de adultos com e sem gagueira

General vulnerability to stuttering: The experience of stuttering and conditions bringing about invulnerability

Two cortical representations of voice control are differentially involved in speech fluency

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