Carvacrol ameliorates behavioral disturbances and DNA damage in the brain of rats exposed to propiconazole

Throughout life, organisms are exposed to various exogenous and endogenous factors that cause DNA damages and somatic mutations provoking genomic instability. At a young age, compensatory mechanisms of genome protection are activated to prevent phenotypic and functional changes. However, the increasing stress and age-related deterioration in the functioning of these mechanisms result in damage accumulation, overcoming the functional threshold. This leads to aging and the development of age-related diseases. There are several ways to counteract these changes: (1) prevention of DNA damage through stimulation of antioxidant and detoxification systems, as well as transition metal chelation; (2) regulation of DNA methylation, chromatin structure, non-coding RNA activity and prevention of nuclear architecture alterations; (3) improving DNA damage response and repair; (4) selective removal of damaged non-functional and senescent cells. In the article, we have reviewed data about the effects of various trace elements, vitamins, polyphenols, terpenes, and other phytochemicals, as well as a number of synthetic pharmacological substances in these ways. Most of the compounds demonstrate the geroprotective potential and increase the lifespan in model organisms. However, their genome-protecting effects are non-selective and often are conditioned by hormesis. Consequently, the development of selective drugs targeting genome protection is an advanced direction.

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“…[ 481,483,[486][487][488][489] Geraniol Protects against methylating DNA damage. Activation of SOD, CAT, GPx, GST, QR, increase in the GSH level.…”

Section: Carvacrolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-Protecting Compounds as Potential Geroprotectors

Proshkina

Shaposhnikov

Moskalev

2020

IJMS

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“…Furthermore, the rod walking test is another test used for assessing rats' motor activities. As a result, it is an effective practice for determining the degree of locomotor impairment and analyzing the efficacy of elements impacting locomotion and coordination skills including tasks demanding coordinated regulation of motor and reflexive responses, such as how long an animal can traverse/balance on a wooden rod [ 14 ]. Based on our findings, exposure of rats to HFM and HML could impair motor coordination and balance but, the marked impairment was recorded in the HML group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rat was allowed to investigate these objects for 10 min before being taken from the cage and returned to its colony for 1 h. To assess for object recognition, one of the familiar objects was set in one back corner of the cage, and a novel object was set in the other back corner, and the rat was placed in the same manner as previously mentioned for 4 min. The rat’s time spent exploring each object was measured [ 14 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Study on the Mechanistic Way of Hexaflumuron and Hymexazol Induced Neurobehavioral Toxicity in Rats

et al. 2022

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Pesticides are widely used in agriculture to kill pests, but their action is non-selective and results in several hazardous effects on humans and animals. Pesticide toxicity has been demonstrated to alter a variety of neurological functions and predisposes to various neurodegenerative diseases. Although, there is no data available for hexaflumuron (HFM) and hymexazol (HML) neurotoxicity. Hence, the present study aims to investigate the possible mechanisms of HFM and HML neurotoxicity. 21 male Wistar rats were divided into three groups and daily received the treatment via oral gavage for 14 days as follows: group (1) normal saline, group (2) HFM (1/100LD50), and group (3) HML (1/100 LD50). Our results revealed that both HFM and HML produced a significant increase in MDA levels and a decrease in GSH and CAT activity in some brain areas. There were severe histopathological alterations mainly neuronal necrosis and gliosis in different examined areas. Upregulation of mRNA levels of JNK and Bax with downregulation of Bcl-2 was also recorded in both pesticides exposed groups. In all studied toxicological parameters, HML produced neurotoxicity more than HFM. HFM targets the cerebral cortex and striatum, while HML targets the cerebral cortex, striatum, hippocampus, and cerebellum. We can conclude that both HFM and HML provoke neurobehavioral toxicity through oxidative stress that impairs the mitochondrial function and activates the JNK-dependent apoptosis pathway.

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“…In addition, administration of carvacrol (40 mg/kg, i.p) was able to reduce levels of MDA, GSH, SOD, GPx, and CAT in the brain [171]. In addition, administration of carvacrol (50 mg/kg) was able to reduce propiconazole-induced DNA damage on brain, through antioxidant mechanisms by increasing CAT, GSH and GPx levels [172]. Thus, carvacrol should exerting neuroprotective activity through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.…”

Section: Carvacrolmentioning

confidence: 95%

Anticonvulsant Essential Oils and Their Relationship with Oxidative Stress in Epilepsy

et al. 2019

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Epilepsy is a most disabling neurological disorder affecting all age groups. Among the various mechanisms that may result in epilepsy, neuronal hyperexcitability and oxidative injury produced by an excessive formation of free radicals may play a role in the development of this pathology. Therefore, new treatment approaches are needed to address resistant conditions that do not respond fully to current antiepileptic drugs. This paper reviews studies on the anticonvulsant activities of essential oils and their chemical constituents. Data from studies published from January 2011 to December 2018 was selected from the PubMed database for examination. The bioactivity of 19 essential oils and 16 constituents is described. Apiaceae and Lamiaceae were the most promising botanical families due to the largest number of reports about plant species from these families that produce anticonvulsant essential oils. Among the evaluated compounds, β-caryophyllene, borneol, eugenol and nerolidol were the constituents that presented antioxidant properties related to anticonvulsant action. These data show the potential of these natural products as health promoting agents and use against various types of seizure disorders. Their properties on oxidative stress may contribute to the control of this neurological condition. However, further studies on the toxicological profile and mechanism of action of essential oils are needed.

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Carvacrol ameliorates behavioral disturbances and DNA damage in the brain of rats exposed to propiconazole

Cited by 24 publications

References 65 publications

Genome-Protecting Compounds as Potential Geroprotectors

Genome-Protecting Compounds as Potential Geroprotectors

A Comprehensive Study on the Mechanistic Way of Hexaflumuron and Hymexazol Induced Neurobehavioral Toxicity in Rats

Anticonvulsant Essential Oils and Their Relationship with Oxidative Stress in Epilepsy

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