Catalase and Superoxide Dismutase: Distribution, Properties, and Physiological Role in Cells of Strict Anaerobes

Bryukhanov, A. L.; Netrusov, A. I.

doi:10.1023/b:biry.0000043537.04115.d9

Cited by 97 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The antioxidant enzymes SOD and CAT play an important role in reducing cellular stress; SOD scavenges the superoxide radical by converting it to hydrogen peroxide and molecular oxygen [59] while CAT brings about the reduction of hydrogen peroxide and protects higher tissues from the highly reactive hydroxyl radicals [60]. In the present investigation, both these enzymes registered low levels of activity in diabetic controls indicating diabetes induces stress.…”

Section: Effect Of Nnse On Antioxidant Enzymesmentioning

confidence: 45%

Antidiabetic and Antihyperlipidaemic Activity of Nelumbo Nucifera Gaertn Ethanol Seed Extract in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats

Bhardwaj

Modi²

2017

Int J Pharm Pharm Sci

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Objective: The main objective of the study was to investigate the effect of ethanol seed extracts of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn (Nymphaeaceae) as antihyperglycemic, anti-hyperlipidemic and antioxidant activity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.Methods: Diabetes was induced in wistar albino rats by administration of streptozotocin (single intraperitoneal dose of 60 mg/kg B. W). The ethanol extract of N. nucifera seed at a dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight was administrated at a single dose per day to STZ induced diabetic rats for a period of 42 d. The different pharmacological parameters were evaluated. The effect of ethanol seed extract of N. nucifera on insulin, blood glucose, urea, creatinine, HbA1C, serum protein, albumin, globulin, serum enzymes, serum lipid profiles, lipid peroxides (LPO) and other antioxidant enzymes like catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione (GSH) were measured in the diabetic rats. Results:In the acute toxicity study ethanol seed extract of Nelumbo nucifera were non-toxic at 2000 mg/kg in rats. The ethanol extract of Nelumbo nucifera seed showed significant reduction in blood glucose (p<0.05), serum enzymes (SGPT, SGOT, ALP) (p<0.05), lipid parameters (TC, TG, VLDL, LDL) (p<0.05) except HDL and significantly increased insulin (p<0.05), HDL (p<0.05), GPx, GSH, SOD and CAT (p<0.05) at the dose of 400 mg/kg when compared with the diabetic-induced control. Conclusion:The present study suggested that the NNSE has significant (p<0.05) antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant activity in STZ induced diabetic rats. These results clearly indicate that Nelumbo nucifera is effective against free radical-mediated diseases, thus replacing the synthetic ones.

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Section: Effect Of Nnse On Antioxidant Enzymesmentioning

confidence: 45%

Antidiabetic and Antihyperlipidaemic Activity of Nelumbo Nucifera Gaertn Ethanol Seed Extract in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats

Bhardwaj

Modi²

2017

Int J Pharm Pharm Sci

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“…During the establishment of an infection, the ability to grow in the presence of nanomolar concentrations of O 2 would enable proliferation in host tissues even before the anaerobic abscess is formed (13). Many studies of the oxidative stress response in B. fragilis have focused on the ability of enzymes to detoxify or otherwise protect the organism from oxygen radicals; these proteins include catalase, superoxide dismutase, alkyl hydroperoxide reductase, and nonspecific DNA binding protein (32,217,271). These genes are, in part, under the control of the redox-sensitive regulator OxyR (253).…”

Section: Cell Surface Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteroides: the Good, the Bad, and the Nitty-Gritty

2007

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SUMMARY Summary: Bacteroides species are significant clinical pathogens and are found in most anaerobic infections, with an associated mortality of more than 19%. The bacteria maintain a complex and generally beneficial relationship with the host when retained in the gut, but when they escape this environment they can cause significant pathology, including bacteremia and abscess formation in multiple body sites. Genomic and proteomic analyses have vastly added to our understanding of the manner in which Bacteroides species adapt to, and thrive in, the human gut. A few examples are (i) complex systems to sense and adapt to nutrient availability, (ii) multiple pump systems to expel toxic substances, and (iii) the ability to influence the host immune system so that it controls other (competing) pathogens. B. fragilis, which accounts for only 0.5% of the human colonic flora, is the most commonly isolated anaerobic pathogen due, in part, to its potent virulence factors. Species of the genus Bacteroides have the most antibiotic resistance mechanisms and the highest resistance rates of all anaerobic pathogens. Clinically, Bacteroides species have exhibited increasing resistance to many antibiotics, including cefoxitin, clindamycin, metronidazole, carbapenems, and fluoroquinolones (e.g., gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin).

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“…It was at first thought that only eukaryotic species utilized Cu-Zn SODs, but it has since been shown that Cu-Zn SODs are quite ubiquitous in the prokaryotic world (30). SOD enzymes are highly conserved and exist in almost all aerobic organisms studied and even in many strict anaerobes (6). All SODs perform one chemical reaction: the dismutation of superoxide anion (O 2 ·Ϫ ), the first reduction product of molecular oxygen, to hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and molecular oxygen.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Superoxide Dismutases of Bacillus anthracis Do Not Cooperatively Protect against Endogenous Superoxide Stress

Passalacqua¹,

Bergman

Herring-Palmer³

et al. 2006

J Bacteriol

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The Bacillus anthracis chromosome encodes four unique, putative superoxide dismutase (sod) genes. During exponential growth and sporulation, sodA1, sodA2, and sodC are transcribed constitutively throughout the growth cycle as individual genes. In contrast, the transcription of sod15 occurs mainly during late exponential and sporulation phases as part of a four-gene operon that may be involved in spore formation. Vegetative cell and spore lysates of wild-type Sterne and superoxide dismutase deletion (⌬sod) mutants show detectable SOD activity for SODA1 and SODA2, and protein analysis suggests that these two proteins form active homodimers and heterodimers. A comparison of the growth of parental versus ⌬sod mutants under various chemical oxidative stresses indicates that ⌬sodA1 mutants are particularly sensitive to endogenously produced superoxide, whereas ⌬sodA2, ⌬sod15, and ⌬sodC mutants remain as resistant to this stress as the parental strain. In addition, in mouse survival assays, ⌬sod15 and ⌬sodA1 were responsible for less end-point death, but the level of decreased virulence does not fall within a statistically significant range. Collectively, these data show that sodA1 acts as a major protectant from intracellular superoxide stress, that sod15 is transcribed as part of an operon that may play a role in cell morphology, and that sodA2 and sodC may have minor roles that are not apparent in the conditions tested here.

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Catalase and Superoxide Dismutase: Distribution, Properties, and Physiological Role in Cells of Strict Anaerobes

Cited by 97 publications

References 26 publications

Antidiabetic and Antihyperlipidaemic Activity of Nelumbo Nucifera Gaertn Ethanol Seed Extract in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats

Antidiabetic and Antihyperlipidaemic Activity of Nelumbo Nucifera Gaertn Ethanol Seed Extract in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats

Bacteroides: the Good, the Bad, and the Nitty-Gritty

The Superoxide Dismutases of Bacillus anthracis Do Not Cooperatively Protect against Endogenous Superoxide Stress

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