Catalysis of the hydro-dechlorination of 4-chlorophenol by Pd⁽⁰⁾-modified MCM-48 mesoporous microspheres with an ultra-high surface area

Abstract

1MCM-48 mesoporous microspheres (M48N) with pore size of 3.77 nm, ultrahigh 2 surface area of 1250.77 m 2 g -1 and super-large pore volume of 1.52 cm 3 g -1 has been 3 synthesised. Pd, Pt and Ru nanoparticles (NPs) modified M48N were prepared by 4 incipient wetness impregnation and had been investigated for hydrodechlorination 5 (HDC) in aqueous phase using 4-chlorophenol as target compound. The catalysts Pd, 6 Pt, Ru/M48N were characterized by transmission electron microscope, X-ray 7 diffraction, nitrogen adsorption-desorption and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy 8 measurements. The HDC experiments were performed at room temperature and 9 atmospheric H 2 pressure, fairly mild conditions for a potential application to treat 10 industrial wastewater. By analysing the catalytic results, Pd/M48N exhibited higher 11 catalytic performance than Pt, Ru/M48N and some other kind of Pd based catalysts. 12 The high catalytic performance of Pd/M48N owing to ultrahigh surface area, 13 super-large pore volume and unique pore structure of the M48N which can improve 14 mass transfer and increase adsorption-desorption rate of compounds. 15

Synthesis of Ni3Si4O10(OH)2 Porous Microspheres as Support of Pd Catalyst for Hydrogenation Reaction

“…Generally, the solid supports upon which to disperse the noble metals need to have a large surface area, good structural stability, and the interaction between the support and the active phase has significant effects on the catalytic activity and the stability of the supported noble metals. Besides conventional supports, such as activated carbon, silica, and alumina, solid materials with a specific pore structure, such as ordered mesoporous materials [1,2,3], metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) [4,5], three dimensionally ordered macroporous (3DOM) materials [6,7], and other multifunctional composites/hybrids [8,9,10] are attracting increasing interest for the preparation of supported noble metal catalysts. Perovskite materials have also been explored for supporting noble metals and the so-called “smart” catalysts were developed, in which the noble metal can reversibly move into and out of the perovskite lattice with a change in the oxidizing and reducing environments [11,12,13].…”

Palladium Supported on Titanium Carbide: A Highly Efficient, Durable, and Recyclable Bifunctional Catalyst for the Transformation of 4-Chlorophenol and 4-Nitrophenol

“…Moreover, the resulting products including phenol and 4-aminophenol (4-AP) are useful chemicals that can be applied in various applications [ 15 ]. Considerable research efforts have been devoted to developing supported catalysts with Pd nanoparticles as the active sites for HDC and hydrogenation reactions [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ]. However, one limitation of the HDC of 4-CP reaction is that the catalysts suffer from serious deactivation by HCl, which is generated as a byproduct during the HDC process through the scission of C–Cl bonds in 4-CP.…”

Catalysis of the hydro-dechlorination of 4-chlorophenol and the reduction of 4-nitrophenol by Pd/Fe3O4@SiO2@m-SiO2

“…After weighing the pros and cons, the reduction of the nitro group to amidogen is commonly used for 4-NP, and the hydrodechlorination process is used for the degradation of 4-CP as an economic, environmentally friendly and efficient way. 20 To date, large numbers of catalysts using metal nanoparticles (NPs) (such as Pd, 19,[21][22][23][24] Pt, 25,26 Rh, 27 Ni 15 ) and some supported bimetallic catalysts (such as: Pd-Bi, 28,29 Pd-Tl, 30 Pd-Fe, 31 47 Pd/dendritic mesoporous silica nanospheres 48 and Pd/KCC-1. 13,14 The liquid phase catalytic HDC of 4-CP has been studied by many groups.…”

“…In our previous work, several SiO 2 based catalysts have been applied in the HDC of 4-CP, such as Pd/MCM-48 nanosphere, 47 Pd/dendritic mesoporous silica nanospheres 48 and Pd/KCC-1. 49 Compared with the catalysts mentioned above, Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 @m-SiO 2 exhibits higher catalytic activity.…”