Catastrophic windthrow in the southern Appalachians: characteristics of pits and mounds and initial vegetation responses

Clinton, Barton D.; Baker, Corey

doi:10.1016/s0378-1127(99)00082-1

Cited by 157 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…vulnerable to wind damage because of its high elevation, steep slopes, and shallow soils on numerous scree sites. Moreover, when strong winds are accompanied by heavy rainfall, as it happened in October of 2006, the saturated soil becomes unstable, causing tall trees to fall, as they act as masts (Clinton and Baker 2000). In both of our forest types, canopy gaps tended to form on the slopes, suggesting that such locations are more affected by strong winds than mountain ridges or flat areas (Kim 1996).…”

Section: Characteristics Of Gap-maker Speciesmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…When large trees are uprooted, the forest floor is significantly altered because seeds lying within the soil become exposed and germinate, and the physical and chemical nature of the soil is changed by penetrating light (Greenberg and McNab 1998). In addition, soil gaps such as pits and mounds (Peterson and Pickett 1990) may lead to new microsites that can support the development of vegetation, ultimately changing the overall forest structure (Clinton and Baker 2000).…”

Section: Study Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gap formation and susceptible Abies trees to windthrow in the forests of Odaesan National Park

Jeon¹,

Lee²,

Choung³

2015

J. Ecol. Environ.

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Extremely strong winds and heavy rainfall caused canopy gaps in a mixed Abies holophylla broadleaf forest and a Quercus mongolica-dominated forest in Odaesan National Park, Korea in October 2006. The impact of the combination of strong winds and torrential rain on the development of forest gaps and canopy structures were investigated. The mean size of newly created gaps were 205 m 2 in the mixed forest and 86 m 2 in the Quercus forest, and were created by 2.8 and 1.4 gapmaker trees, respectively. Among the 73 trees lost in the mixed forest, 59% succumbed because of direct wind damage while 41% were struck by neighboring trees that fell into them. Most of these trees downed by wind were uprooted (74%), while the trees downed by neighboring tree falls snapped (78%). 21 trees in the Quercus forest died from direct wind damage, and 57% of them were uprooted. Although the relative density of Abies nephrolepis and A. holophylla represented only 0.2% and 6.4%, respectively, of all species in the intact mixed forest, they accounted for 27% and 15%, respectively, of all trees affected by wind on that site. In fact, 85% of the total A. nephrolepis and 91% of the total A. holophylla in the mixed forest fell directly due to strong wind. By contrast, only one Abies species, A. nephrolepis, was found in the Quercusdominated forest, and it accounted for 7.3% of the species composition. These findings suggest that A. nephrolepis and A. holophylla are particularly susceptible to high winds because of their great heights and shallow root systems.

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Section: Characteristics Of Gap-maker Speciesmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Study Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gap formation and susceptible Abies trees to windthrow in the forests of Odaesan National Park

Jeon¹,

Lee²,

Choung³

2015

J. Ecol. Environ.

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“…Koivula and Spence [123] reported increased activity-abundance and species richness with increasing salvage logging intensity (low: 23-30% timber removed, moderate: Severe wind storms generally fell a high proportion of canopy trees forming large, patchy gaps, although some trees lose only branches and remain standing [96]. Tipped trees form pits and mounds that mix organic and mineral layers, expose rocks and roots, and create distinct microsites that differ from neighboring undisturbed soil [97][98][99][100][101]. Trees fall nearly simultaneously and often in the same direction, resulting in accumulation of CWD of different species, types, and sizes [36,96].…”

Section: Windmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses of Ground-Dwelling Invertebrates to Gap Formation and Accumulation of Woody Debris from Invasive Species, Wind, and Salvage Logging

Perry¹,

Herms²

2017

Forests

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Natural and anthropogenic disturbances alter canopy structure, understory vegetation, amount of woody debris, and the litter and soil layers in forest ecosystems. These environmental changes impact forest communities, including ground-dwelling invertebrates that are key regulators of ecosystem processes. Variation in frequency, intensity, duration, and spatial scale of disturbances affect the magnitude of these environmental changes and how forest communities and ecosystems are impacted over time. We propose conceptual models that describe the dynamic temporal effects of disturbance caused by invasive insects, wind, and salvage logging on canopy gap formation and accumulation of coarse woody debris (CWD), and their impacts on ground-dwelling invertebrate communities. In the context of this framework, predictions are generated and their implications for ground-dwelling invertebrate communities are discussed.

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“…The risk of windthrow is greatest on thin or waterlogged soils and is more common for species with shallow roots or low-density wood (Whitney 1961, Mitchell 1995, Auclair et al 1996, Clinton and Baker 2000, Ruel 2000, Ruel et al 2001. The time of occurrence of windstorms likely plays a role in the tree mortality rate.…”

Section: Windthrowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vulnerability assessment to climate change of three ecosystem-based forest management projects in Quebec

GoffHéloïse

BergeronYves

2014

The Forestry Chronicle

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The new forest management stewardship of Quebec acknowledges the importance of integrating climate change consequences into forest management. However, forest professionals do not know how they could take climate change into account into their decision-making. This paper proposes the assessment of climate change vulnerability for three ecosystem-based forest management (EBFM) projects in Quebec: the Tembec project in the Abitibi region, the Triad project in the Mauricie region, and the Laurentian Wildlife Reserve project. The objectives were to identify: i) climate change vulnerabilities affecting forest ecosystems and forest management, ii) adaptation options to decrease these vulnerabilities, and iii) current EBFM practices impeding or facilitating the integration of climate change adaptations in forest management. Several features of EBFM, like promoting ecosystem resilience and using an adaptive management framework, may facilitate the integration of adaptation measures into the current forest management approach. We present climate change adaptation as a piece of the puzzle that would facilitate the achievement of EBFM objectives.Keywords: adaptation to climate change, sustainable forest management, resilience, adaptive management, case studies RÉSUMÉ Le nouveau régime forestier du Québec reconnaît l'importante de considérer les conséquences des changements climatiques en aménagement forestier. Cependant, les professionnels forestiers ne savent pas comment ils pourraient tenir compte des changements climatiques dans leurs décisions. Cet article présente l' évaluation de la vulnérabilité aux changements climatiques de trois projets d'aménagement forestier écosystémique (AFE) au Québec: le projet de Tembec dans la région de l' Abitibi, le projet Triade dans la région de la Mauricie, et le projet de la Réserve faunique des Laurentides. Les objectifs étaient d'identifier i) les vulnérabilités aux changements climatiques des écosystèmes forestiers et de l'aménagement forestier, ii) des options d'adaptation visant à réduire ces vulnérabilités, et iii) les pratiques empêchant ou facilitant l'intégration de l'adaptation aux changements climatiques en aménagement forestier. L' AFE présente plusieurs aspects, comme l'amélioration de la résilience des écosystèmes ou l'utilisation d'une gestion adaptative, qui pourraient faciliter l'intégration de mesures d'adaptation dans notre façon actuelle d'aménager les forêts. Nous présentons l'adaptation aux changements climatiques comme une pièce du casse-tête qui pourrait faciliter l'atteinte d' objectifs d' AFE.

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Catastrophic windthrow in the southern Appalachians: characteristics of pits and mounds and initial vegetation responses

Cited by 157 publications

References 32 publications

Gap formation and susceptible Abies trees to windthrow in the forests of Odaesan National Park

Gap formation and susceptible Abies trees to windthrow in the forests of Odaesan National Park

Responses of Ground-Dwelling Invertebrates to Gap Formation and Accumulation of Woody Debris from Invasive Species, Wind, and Salvage Logging

Vulnerability assessment to climate change of three ecosystem-based forest management projects in Quebec

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