Catechins Blunt the Effects of oxLDL and its Primary Metabolite Phosphatidylcholine Hydroperoxide on Endothelial Dysfunction Through Inhibition of Oxidative Stress and Restoration of eNOS in Rats

Abstract

Background/Aims: We explored the effects of catechins (decaffeinated green tea extracts containing (–)-epicatechin, (–)-epigallocatechin, (–)-epicatechin gallate and (–)-epigallocatechin gallate) on atherosclerosis risk factors, oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) and its primary metabolite, phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxide (PCOOH) induced oxidative injury in cultured endothelial cell line and rats. Methods: We used endothelial cell line and male Wistar rats to determine the effect of catechins on oxLDL or PCOOH induced oxidative injury including apoptosis, H₂O₂ level, vascular responses and urinary 8-isoprostane and nitrite/nitrate concentration. Plasma catechins concentration was determined by a CoulArray HPLC. Responses of aortic and renal vasoconstriction were evaluated by a transonic meter and a full-field laser perfusion imager. Results: PCOOH administration significantly increased H₂O₂ amounts and cell apoptosis and decreased endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression in the cultured endothelial cells. Catechins pretreatment significantly reduced PCOOH-elevated H₂O₂ amounts, endothelial cell apoptosis and partly recovered eNOS expression. Intravenous administration of oxLDL, PCOOH or H₂O₂, not native LDL, significantly decreased renal and aortic blood flow associated with enhanced ICAM-1 expression and 4-hydroxynoneal (4-HNE) accumulation, and decreased eNOS expression in the male Wistrar rats. One hour after oral intake of green tea extracts, 4 peaks of catechins were found in the rat plasma. The increased plasma catechins significantly inhibited oxLDL-, PCOOH- or H₂O₂-induced renal and aortic vasoconstriction, decreased urinary 8-isoprostane levels, renal ICAM-1 expression and 4-HNE accumulation, and restored nitrite/nitrate amounts and eNOS activity. Conclusions: Our data suggests that catechins pretreatment decrease PCOOH-induced endothelial apoptosis and arterial vasoconstriction through the action of H₂O₂ inhibition and eNOS restoration.

Anti-inflammatory effect of Vaccinium oldhamii stems through inhibition of NF-κB and MAPK/ATF2 signaling activation in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells

“…In GC/MS and HPLC analysis, we observed that VOS contained several compounds with anti-inflammatory activity such as 4-((1E)-3-Hydroxy-1-propenyl)-2-methoxyphenol [51], methyl palmitate [52], n-hexadecanoic acid [53], sinapyl alcohol [54], phytol [55], linolenic acid [56], stigmast-5-en-3-ol (phytosterols) [57], β-amyrin [58], (+)-catechin [59], (−)-epicatechin [59] and proanthocyanidin [60]. Although various compounds with anti-inflammatory activity were analyzed from VOS, it is necessary to investigate which compounds affect the anti-inflammatory activity of VOS through activation tracing separation.…”

Natural Sirtuin1 Activators and Atherosclerosis: an Overview

“…Catechins are known to influence vasodilation, a key factor in maintaining proper endothelial function and preventing atherosclerosis development. Studies conducted in HUVECs, bovine coronary artery endothelial cells (BCAECs), and male Wistar rats have demonstrated that catechins can enhance eNOS expression and NO production, offering protection against endothelial dysfunction and vasoconstriction [ 30 , 34 ]. Catechins also exhibit anti-atherosclerotic properties by influencing cellular aging and apoptosis [ 34 , 141 ].…”

“…These compounds are found in many plants and foods, such as fruits, vegetables, tea, cereals, and wine, and long-term intake is associated with health benefits [ 20 ]. Interesting in vivo (Table 1 ) [ 21 – 31 ], in vitro (Table 2 ) [ 22 – 24 , 30 , 32 – 35 ], and human (Table 3 ) [ 36 – 39 ] clinical trial studies have shown their effects on atherosclerosis development and risk factors associated with atherosclerosis.…”

“…Interesting in vivo (Table 1 ) [ 21 – 31 ], in vitro (Table 2 ) [ 22 – 24 , 30 , 32 – 35 ], and human (Table 3 ) [ 36 – 39 ] clinical trial studies have shown their effects on atherosclerosis development and risk factors associated with atherosclerosis.…”

The Use of Nutraceuticals to Counteract Atherosclerosis: The Role of the Notch Pathway

“…In ApoE -/mice, catechin consumption has been associated with reduced susceptibility of LDL to oxidation and aggregation and thus to the reduced atherosclerotic lesion area [81]. Recently, in vivo findings show that catechins reduce circulating LDL cholesterol and protect HUVECs against oxidative injury and decrease arterial vasoconstriction through reduction of H 2 O 2 activity and eNOS level restoration [82,83].…”