Cathode ray tubes glass recycling: A review

Qi, Yaping; Xiang, Xiao; Lu, Yang; Shu, Jiancheng; Wang, Jianbo; Chen, Mengjun

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.383

Cited by 40 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…CRTs have been used as a fundamental part of television and computer monitors since the 1950s [4]. However, due to the advances in this field, they have been replaced by liquid crystal displays (LCD), plasma display panels (PDP), and light emitting diodes (LED) [5]. For instance, the usage of CRT television displays in the world decreased from 83.3 million units to only 5 million units between 2002 and 2016, whereas during the same period, LCD television displays increased from 32.3 million units to 261 million units [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lead triggers major environmental concerns and health issues caused by leaching into drinking water, especially in developed countries [6], where landfilling of e-wastes is very common yet unsuitable [12]. Not only may there not be enough space for discarded CRT units, but also they have to be treated for lead before disposal [5]. Thus, several methods of managing waste cathode-ray tubes (CRT) were suggested in the last two decades, including closed loop recycling, which is limited and impractical, and open loop recycling, which is difficult but efficient and eco-friendly [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structural Performance of Reinforced Concrete Beams Incorporating Cathode-Ray Tube (CRT) Glass Waste

et al. 2021

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The performance of reinforced concrete beams in the presence of cathode-ray tube (CRT) glass waste is examined. Four concrete mixes containing 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% CRT glass waste as partial replacement of sand were prepared. The compressive and flexural strength as well as the modulus of elasticity of concrete were determined. Reinforced concrete beams with varying amounts of CRT glass were prepared and the three-point bending test was conducted. The load-deflection curve as well as the strain distribution along the depth of the beams were determined. Concrete containing CRT glass showed an increase in compressive strength, flexural strength, and modulus of elasticity especially at 10% replacement level. The load carrying capacity of reinforced concrete beam is higher when 10% of sand is replaced with CRT glass compared to the control beam and the beams with 20% and 30% CRT glass substitution. The failure mode of the reinforced concrete beams is flexural failure, and the failure pattern is similar for all beams. Strain distribution showed a better ductility at control beam where the deflection was higher than the other beams at the same load. Numerical analysis was conducted, and comparison was made with the experimental results. The comparison showed the accuracy of the software used, where the results of maximum load capacity and maximum deflection were very similar, and the difference did not exceed 5%. In addition, the tensile damage generated by the numerical analysis was very similar to that obtained by the experimental study.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Performance of Reinforced Concrete Beams Incorporating Cathode-Ray Tube (CRT) Glass Waste

et al. 2021

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“…As the volume of the studies dealing with the recycling problem is beyond a summarily literature review, we encourage the reader interested in the recycling process to read some of the review studies [26][27][28][29][30].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the Consumers Opinion Influence in Online Social Media in the Case of Eco-friendly Products

et al. 2019

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Social influence has a positive impact on the purchase intention for eco-friendly products along with other subjective and objective aspects related to environmental attitude, product attitude, and subjective and objective knowledge. Also, exposure to media has been proven to have a significant positive affect on environmental attitude, with effect on the purchase intention. Several recent studies have shown the importance of consumers’ influence in online social networks, underlying the role played by the online environments over consumers’ attitude. As a result, the current research tries to analyze the influence exerted on consumers’ decision to purchase eco-friendly products by their activity in online social environments. Using a questionnaire, filled-in by 409 respondents, a series of variables have been extracted with regard to the eco-friendly products. An agent-based model has been created, fed with the values of the variables extracted from the questionnaire, and used for simulations. As a result, it has been observed that an increase in online media exposure can have a high positive impact on the eco-friendly product adoption. Depending on the type of product—soft or durable good—different times for the eco-friendly product adoption have been determined relatively to the considered variables. Last, the possible limitations of using an agent-based modeling approach are discussed, along with possible extensions and improvements.

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“…Waste CRTs are considered as absolutely hazardous waste due to their elevated Pb content. Pb is contained in great amounts in the CRT funnel glass (up to 28%) and to a lesser extent to the panel glass (up to 5%) . Another hazard emerges from Ba.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phosphor coatings are another source of hazard. They are mixed salts of Y, Eu, or Se and other more common metals such as Zn, Mg, Cd, and V. They do not usually contain phosphorus, despite their collective name . In conclusion, the extraction of metals is hampered by the various materials that are used for the construction of the coatings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trace metals’ contamination in water and soils in the vicinity of a small–medium waste electrical and electronic equipment recycling plant

Tzoraki

Zkeri

Lasithiotakis

et al. 2019

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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An e-waste recycling plant's ecological burden is correlated to soil and water, inside and outside the plant with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Correlation between heavy metal concentrations was calculated with Spearman's rho correlation coefficients. Ecological risk was assessed with ecological risk indexes (RIs) such as Hakanson's ecological RI, Geoaccumulation index, and enrichment factors. Heavy metals in water comply with drinking water criteria, except Pb in one water sample W2. Concentrations of Pb, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mn, and Zn were higher in the rainwater collection tank (43.50, 10.90, 18.87, 81.17, 177.99, and 330.17 μg/L) than the surficial water inside (8. 93, 1.27, 4.97, 17.0, 91.87, and 72.97 μg/L) and outside the plant (4.18, 1.28, 1.60, 10.35, 26.21, and 12.10 μg/L). In most water samples, As, Li, Mg, Ca, Na, Ba, Si, Sr, U, and V concentrations were at similar levels and are not influenced by the company's activities except the rainwater tank. Water samples correlation results showed statistically significant positive correlation between (a) Al, Fe, Pb, Ce, Co, La, Nd, Sm, Y and (b) Cu and Mn-an anthropogenic influence related with e-waste. Ecological RIs for soils showed low to moderate pollution. The most enriched soil samples in Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, and Hg were two samples west of the plant, and another two east of the plant. Pb comes from cathode ray tubes. A pH-edge desorption study concluded that the cation exchange processes with clays and the strong sorption affinity of Fe oxides keep metals bound to the soil matrix. K E Y W O R D S enrichment factor, e-waste, geoaccumulation index, Hakanson index, heavy metals, recycling area, scrap facility, WEEE

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Cathode ray tubes glass recycling: A review

Cited by 40 publications

References 74 publications

Structural Performance of Reinforced Concrete Beams Incorporating Cathode-Ray Tube (CRT) Glass Waste

Structural Performance of Reinforced Concrete Beams Incorporating Cathode-Ray Tube (CRT) Glass Waste

Modeling the Consumers Opinion Influence in Online Social Media in the Case of Eco-friendly Products

Trace metals’ contamination in water and soils in the vicinity of a small–medium waste electrical and electronic equipment recycling plant

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