Cation exchange resins as pharmaceutical carriers for methylene blue: Binding and release

High absolute bioavailability of methylene blue given as an aqueous oral formulation

“…Since mainly liquid medicines are acceptable to very young children (only dispersible, very small granules to be mixed with food might be an alternative [8]), optimal taste masking is essential. A new type of formulation based on other principles than merely an aqueous solution [13] is a promising new approach for this goal. A taste-masked pediatric MB formulation was consequently developed and field-tested in the year 2007 (unpublished data).…”

Macroporous polymeric ion exchangers as adsorbents for the removal of cationic dye basic blue 9 from aqueous solutions

“…Dye Solution BB9 is a synthetic dye that is extensively used in the printing and textile industries, as an additive in formulations of different drugs in the pharmaceutical industry, in the medical field for its antimalarial activity, as a component of disinfection solutions, 29 and as a redox indicator. It is not considered an acutely toxic dye, but excess amounts and short periods of exposure have many harmful effects on living organisms.…”

Maillard-Type Cross-Linked Soy Protein Hydrogels as Devices for the Release of Ionic Compounds: An In Vitro Study

“…In contrast, when the polymer and the molecule carry the same charge, molecule release is promoted. This phenomenon has been observed in protein-based systems Singh, Sefko, Lumpkin & Rosenblatt, 1995;Wallace & Rosenblatt, 2003) and in chemicalpolymer-based systems (Chung & Rubner, 2002;Sutani, Kaetsu, Uchida & Matsubara, 2002;Gut, Schiek, Haefeli, Walter-Sack & Burhenne, 2008;Klose, Siepmann, Elkharraz & Siepmann, 2008). Lee and Chiu (2002) report that there is a stronger interactive force between drug and gel when the partition coefficient (K d ) is above 1 and that solutes tend to stay in the surrounding solution when K d is below 1.…”

“…Several authors report that the release of an ionic molecule from an ionic-polymer-based matrix occurs by a pH-sensitive mechanism that strongly depends on the ionic interactions between the molecule and the matrix Singh, Sefko, Lumpkin & Rosenblatt, 1995;Chung & Rubner, 2002;Sutani, Kaetsu, Uchida & Matsubara, 2002;Wallace & Rosenblatt, 2003;Gut, Schiek, Haefeli, Walter-Sack & Burhenne, 2008;Klose, Siepmann, Elkharraz & Siepmann, 2008). Indeed, cationic molecules tend to bind anionic polymers, and conversely, anionic molecules tend to bind cationic polymers and thus delay their own release.…”