Caution follows fear: Evidence from hierarchical drift diffusion modelling.

Tipples, Jason

doi:10.1037/emo0000342

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Specifically, we generated a model with four parameters: a (threshold), v (drift rate), t (non-decision time), and z (starting point), with each parameter varying by the tested duration. Our choice of this model conforms to earlier work on the DDM as applied to temporal bisection data (2ı); (Tipples, 2018), as well our own work demonstrating that this model provides the best fit to bisection data (Wiener et al, 2018a). Model fitting was applied individually to each subject across all three experiments; for experiment 3, the four parameters were additionally set to vary by the starting location (Far/Close).…”

Section: Drift Diffusion Modelingmentioning

confidence: 94%

Movement Improves the Quality of Temporal Perception and Decision Making

Wiener

Zhou

Joiner

2018

Preprint

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Recent evidence suggest that our experience of time is directly and intrinsically computed within the motor system. Accordingly, a variety of studies have demonstrated that concurrent movement impacts the estimate of temporal duration, such that perceived time is shifted towards the duration of movement. In order to investigate the role of the motor system, we tested human subjects (n=40) on a novel task combining reaching and time perception. In this task, subjects were required to move a robotic manipulandum to one of two physical locations to categorize a concurrently timed suprasecond auditory stimulus as "long" or "short", relative to a running average criterion. Critically, subjects were divided into two groups: one in which movement during the interval was unrestricted and subjects could move freely to their choice, and one in which they were restrained from moving until the stimulus interval had elapsed. Our results revealed a higher degree of precision for subjects in the free-moving group. By further decomposing choice and response time data with a drift diffusion model of decision making, we identified the source of this change to a shift in the response threshold for free-moving subjects. Analysis of movement parameters revealed that eventual choice could be determined by movement parameters (e.g. trajectory, force) before the response was made, and even before the interval had elapsed, and that the variability of these movements was lower in the unrestrained group. A further experiment (n=14) verified that these findings were not due to proximity to the target, counting strategies, bias, or movement length. Our findings suggest that perceptual timing may be instantiated within the motor system as an ongoing readout of timing judgment and confidence.

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Section: Drift Diffusion Modelingmentioning

confidence: 94%

Movement Improves the Quality of Temporal Perception and Decision Making

Wiener

Zhou

Joiner

2018

Preprint

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“…But they can increase subjective feelings of anxiety (Blairy, Herrera, & Hess, 1999) and are perceived as more threatening and arousing than neutral or happy faces (Grillon & Charney, 2011b; Wieser & Keil, 2014). Fearful faces elicit a more cautious, inhibited behavioral response style (Tipples, 2018). They also increase vigilance for potentially threat-relevant cues, particularly for low spatial-frequency (LSF) information.…”

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confidence: 99%

Dispositional negativity, cognition, and anxiety disorders: An integrative translational neuroscience framework

Hur

Stockbridge

Fox

et al. 2019

Progress in Brain Research

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When extreme, anxiety can become debilitating. Anxiety disorders, which often first emerge early in development, are common and challenging to treat, yet the underlying mechanisms have only recently begun to come into focus. Here, we review new insights into the nature and biological bases of dispositional negativity, a fundamental dimension of childhood temperament and adult personality and a prominent risk factor for the development of pediatric and adult anxiety disorders. Converging lines of epidemiological, neurobiological, and mechanistic evidence suggest that dispositional negativity increases the likelihood of psychopathology via specific neurocognitive mechanisms, including attentional biases to threat and deficits in executive control. Collectively, these observations provide an integrative translational framework for understanding the development and maintenance of anxiety disorders in adults and youth and set the stage for developing improved intervention strategies.

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“…Although fearful faces do not elicit robust signs of fear or anxiety 10 (e.g. potentiation of the startle reflex) and are less ecologically valid than dynamic expressions of emotion 87 , they are widely used in neuroimaging research, rated as more threatening and arousing than neutral or happy faces, and associated with increased behavioral caution 88 – 91 . Fearful faces also promote vigilance; the mere presentation of fearful faces produces persistent increases in visual sensitivity, boosts the resolution of visual processing, and enhances the efficiency of attentional search 10 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute alcohol administration dampens central extended amygdala reactivity

Hur

Kaplan

Smith

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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Alcohol use is common, imposes a staggering burden on public health, and often resists treatment. The central extended amygdala (EAc)—including the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST) and the central nucleus of the amygdala (Ce)—plays a key role in prominent neuroscientific models of alcohol drinking, but the relevance of these regions to acute alcohol consumption in humans remains poorly understood. Using a single-blind, randomized-groups design, multiband fMRI data were acquired from 49 social drinkers while they performed a well-established emotional faces paradigm after consuming either alcohol or placebo. Relative to placebo, alcohol significantly dampened reactivity to emotional faces in the BST. To rigorously assess potential regional differences in activation, data were extracted from unbiased, anatomically predefined regions of interest. Analyses revealed similar levels of dampening in the BST and Ce. In short, alcohol transiently reduces reactivity to emotional faces and it does so similarly across the two major divisions of the human EAc. These observations reinforce the translational relevance of addiction models derived from preclinical work in rodents and provide new insights into the neural systems most relevant to the consumption of alcohol and to the initial development of alcohol abuse in humans.

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Caution follows fear: Evidence from hierarchical drift diffusion modelling.

Abstract: Fearful expressions are thought to warn of potential threat (Davis et al

Cited by 17 publications

References 66 publications

Movement Improves the Quality of Temporal Perception and Decision Making

Movement Improves the Quality of Temporal Perception and Decision Making

Dispositional negativity, cognition, and anxiety disorders: An integrative translational neuroscience framework

Acute alcohol administration dampens central extended amygdala reactivity

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