Cd<sub>2</sub>SnO<sub>4</sub> transparent conductive oxide: a promising alternative candidate for highly efficient hybrid halide perovskite solar cells

Liu, Dong; Ren, Shengqiang; Ma, Xiao; Liu, Cai; Wu, Lili; Li, Wei; Zhang, Jingquan; Feng, Li

doi:10.1039/c6ra27146d

Cited by 32 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…In various optoelectronic devices such as OLEDs and solar cells, materials with a remarkable combination of high electrical conductivity and optical transparency are indispensable. 12 Numerous materials have been exploited for transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs), including: (1) doped metal oxide lms [13][14][15] such as indium tin oxide (ITO), uorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) and indium-doped zinc oxide (IZO); (2) transparent conductive polymer materials, 16 for example poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:-PSS); (3) network-type thin lms of noble metal (gold or silver) nanowires [17][18][19] or carbon nanotubes; 20 (4) graphene 21 and other two-dimensional materials. Among them, ITO is the most preferred material of the past several decades because of its mature technique and excellent performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced light scattering effect of wrinkled transparent conductive ITO thin film

et al. 2017

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Indium tin oxide (ITO) plays an important role due to its high transparency and high conductivity in various optoelectronic thin-film devices. However, ITO has the drawback of mechanical fragility, limiting its development. Wrinkling has been considered a powerful tool for improving the flexibility and surface properties of thin films, but wrinkled ITO has not been reported so far. In this work, we fabricate uniform wrinkles on ITO and systematically study the properties of the wrinkled ITO in optics, electrics and mechanics. The wrinkled ITO shows a high optical transmittance and also a high haze value due to a remarkable wrinkle-induced enhancement of light scattering, which is beneficial for solar cells and lightemitting diodes. Our experimental results also indicate that wrinkles can effectively improve the mechanical bending performance of ITO without compromising the crystallization and electrical conductivity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced light scattering effect of wrinkled transparent conductive ITO thin film

et al. 2017

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“…Nonetheless, the rough surface of FTO raises issues, such as short circuits and leakage current, which reduce device efficiency. [100] Recently, novel materials, such as conductive polymers, [101,102] graphene, [103][104][105][106] CNTs, [107,108] transparent conductive oxides, [109] and metal nanowires, [110][111][112] have emerged as promising replacements for the traditional ITO and FTO transparent conductive electrodes, due to their high optical transmittance in the visible range and competitive electrical conductivity. Among these materials, graphene and its derivatives have attracted enormous research interest due to their low cost, nontoxicity, easy availability, superior stability, greater mechanical flexibility, and large specific surface area.…”

Section: Transparent Conductive Electrodementioning

confidence: 99%

Perovskite Solar Cells: Current Trends in Graphene‐Based Materials for Transparent Conductive Electrodes, Active Layers, Charge Transport Layers, and Encapsulation Layers

Muchuweni

Martincigh

Nyamori

2021

Adv Energy and Sustain Res

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Recent advancements in technology have inevitably led to a significant increase in the global energy demand, whose traditional energy sources, such as fossil fuels and nuclear energy, are failing to meet needs due to their nonrenewable nature and consequent depletion. [1][2][3][4][5][6] Moreover, fossil fuels and nuclear energy are major sources of environmental pollution, which is responsible for unfavorable global warming and climate change. [7][8][9] Hence, there has been considerable research interest in sustainable and renewable energy sources, particularly solar energy, due to its natural abundance and environmentally friendly nature. [10][11][12] In this regard, solar energy is most commonly converted into electricity by making use of the first-generation solar cells, i.e., crystalline silicon solar cells, that are now commercially available, with high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of above 26% [13,14] and superior environmental stability. [15] However, the largescale production of silicon-based solar cells is restricted by their high production cost, complicated fabrication procedures, rigidity, [16,17] and PCE, which is almost close to the theoretical limit of %29.4%. [18] As a result, the second-generation solar cells, i.e., thin-film solar cells, such as amorphous silicon (a-Si) solar cells, copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cells, and cadmium telluride (CdTe) solar cells, [19][20][21] and the third-generation solar cells, such as organic solar cells (OSCs), perovskite solar cells (PSCs), and dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), [22][23][24][25][26][27] have been developed by using simple and low-cost fabrication procedures. Among these, the thirdgeneration solar cells have gained significant research attention due to an abundance of low-cost materials, solution processability, flexibility, lightweight, environmental friendliness, and ease of scaling-up. [28][29][30][31][32] Interestingly, PSCs are a rising star owing to their recent breakthrough in PCE, which has shown a rapid increase from 3.8% in 2009 [33,34] to %25.5% for the current state-of-the-art PSCs. [35] The superior performance of PSCs is mainly attributed to the exceptional properties of metal halide perovskites, including the large absorption coefficient, direct and tunable bandgap, low exciton binding energy at room temperature, ambipolar charge transport characteristics, high charge carrier mobility, slow recombination kinetics, and long electron-hole diffusion length. [36][37][38][39][40][41] Thus, metal halide perovskites are emerging semiconductor materials, described by the general formula of ABX 3 , where A is a monovalent cation, such as methylammonium (CH 3 NH 3 þ ; MA), formamidinium (CH 3 (NH 2 ) 2 þ ; FA), caesium (Cs þ ), or rubidium (Rb þ ); B is a divalent metal cation, such as lead (Pb 2þ ), tin (Sn 2þ ), or germanium (Ge 2þ ); and X is a halide anion, such as iodide (I À ), bromide (Br À ), or chloride (Cl À ).

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“…Although uorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) has been used as a relatively low-cost alternative to ITO, the structural defects of FTO due to its rough surface oen result in short circuits and leakage current, 47,48 which impair device performance, and hence limit its choice. Being motivated by the need to overcome these drawbacks, recent advanced materials, such as metal nanowires, 49,50 conductive polymers, 51,52 transparent conducting oxides, 53,54 CNTs, 55,56 and graphene, 57,58 have been proposed as potential replacements or additives to the conventional ITO and FTO electrodes. Among these, graphene-based materials are more appealing due to their high optical transmittance in the visible region, high electrical conductivity, excellent stability, easy availability, low-cost and non-toxicity.…”

Section: Transparent Conducting Electrodementioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in graphene-based materials for dye-sensitized solar cell fabrication

2020

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Cd₂SnO₄ transparent conductive oxide: a promising alternative candidate for highly efficient hybrid halide perovskite solar cells

Abstract: We introduce a Cd2SnO4 film for constructing a perovskite device with a novel structure. The Cd2SnO4 film has higher optical transmission in the visible region than an FTO substrate, and an average PCE of 15.58% under AM 1.5 irradiation.

Cited by 32 publications

References 43 publications

Enhanced light scattering effect of wrinkled transparent conductive ITO thin film

Enhanced light scattering effect of wrinkled transparent conductive ITO thin film

Perovskite Solar Cells: Current Trends in Graphene‐Based Materials for Transparent Conductive Electrodes, Active Layers, Charge Transport Layers, and Encapsulation Layers

Recent advances in graphene-based materials for dye-sensitized solar cell fabrication

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Cd2SnO4 transparent conductive oxide: a promising alternative candidate for highly efficient hybrid halide perovskite solar cells

Abstract: We introduce a Cd2SnO4 film for constructing a perovskite device with a novel structure. The Cd2SnO4 film has higher optical transmission in the visible region than an FTO substrate, and an average PCE of 15.58% under AM 1.5 irradiation.

Cited by 32 publications

References 43 publications

Enhanced light scattering effect of wrinkled transparent conductive ITO thin film

Enhanced light scattering effect of wrinkled transparent conductive ITO thin film

Perovskite Solar Cells: Current Trends in Graphene‐Based Materials for Transparent Conductive Electrodes, Active Layers, Charge Transport Layers, and Encapsulation Layers

Recent advances in graphene-based materials for dye-sensitized solar cell fabrication

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Cd₂SnO₄ transparent conductive oxide: a promising alternative candidate for highly efficient hybrid halide perovskite solar cells