Purpose
Available data associate lipids concentrations in men with body mass index (BMI), anabolic steroids, age, and certain cytokines. Data are less clear in women, especially across the full adult lifespan, and when segmented by pre- and postmenopausal status.
Methods
Subjects: 120 healthy women (60 pre- and 60 postmenopausal) in Olmsted County, MN, USA, a stable well studied clinical population. Dependent variables: measurements of 10-hr fasting high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglycerides (TG). Independent variables: testosterone, estrone, estradiol, 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG, by mass spectrometry); insulin, glucose, and albumin; abdominal visceral, subcutaneous and total abdominal fat [AVF, SCF, TAF by computerized tomography (CT) scan]; and a panel of cytokines [by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)]. Multivariate forward-selection linear-regression analysis was applied constrained to P<0.01.
Results
Lifetime data: HDL-C was correlated jointly with age (P<0.0001, positively), AVF (P<0.0001, negatively), and IL-6 (0.0063, negatively), together explaining 28.1% of its variance (P=2.3 × 10−8). TC was associated positively with multivariate age only (P=6.9 × 10−4, 9.3% of variance). TG’s correlated weakly with SHBG (P=0.0115), and strongly with AVF (P<0.0001), and IL-6 (P=0.0016) all positively (P=1.6 × 10−12, 38.9% of variance). NonHDL-C and LDL-C correlated positively with both TAF and IL-8 (P=2.0 × 10−5, 16.9% of variance; and P=0.0031, 9.4% of variance, respectively). Pre- vs postmenopausal comparisons identified specific relationships that were stronger in pre-than postmenopausal individuals, and vice versa. Age was a stronger correlate of LDL-C; IL-6 of TG and HDL; and both SHBG and TAF of nonHDL-C in pre- than postmenopausal women. Conversely, SHBG, AVF, IL-8, adiponectin were stronger correlates of TG; AVF and testosterone of HDL-C; and age of both nonHDL and LDL in post- than premenopausal women.
Conclusion
Our data delineate correlations of TAF and IL-8 (both positively) with nonHDL-C and LDL-C in healthy women across the full age range of 21–79 yr along with even more specific associations in pre- and postmenopausal individuals. Whether some of these outcomes reflect causal relationships would require longitudinal and interventional or genetic studies.